Module 2

Question 1

Stage 1 of prenatal development

Answer 1

• Zygote: Cell formed by union of sperm and ovum

Question 2

Stage 2 of prenatal development

Answer 2

Embryo: second to eight week of development

Question 3

Stage 3 of prenatal development

Answer 3

• Fetus: 9th week until birth

Question 4

What is the Age of viability?

Answer 4

20 weeks

- Requires NICU care to survive

Question 5

Umbilical Cord

Answer 5

-Life lin between mom and babe
- Two arteries carry blood away from fetus
- One vein returns blood to fetus
Usually pertrudes out the centre of the placenta

Question 6

What covers the umbilical cord vessels

Answer 6

Wharton Jelly

Question 7

How long is the umbilical card?

Answer 7

55 cm ( 22 inches)

Question 8

Functions of Amniotic Fluid

Answer 8

• Even temperature
• stops sac from sticking to fetus
• Allows babe to move
• Cushion to protect babe and umbilical cord from injury

Question 9

Fetal Circulation Shunts

Answer 9

• Foramen Ovale
• Ductus Arteriosus
• Ductus Venosus

Question 10

Ductus Venosus

Answer 10

Diverts some blood away from the liver as it returns from the placenta

Question 11

Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 11

• Diverts most blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

Question 12

Foramen Ovale

Answer 12

Diverts most blood from the right atrium directly to the left atrium rather then circulating it to the lungs.

Question 13

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Answer 13

• Nausea
• Fatigue/ Drowsiness
• Urinary Frequency
• Quickening
• Subjective changes felt by the woman

Question 14

Probably Signs of pregnancy

Answer 14

Objective signs observed by an examiner

Question 15

Goodell Sign

Answer 15

Probably sign of pregnancy

• Softing of the cervix
• caused by increased vaginal congestion

Question 16

Chadwick Sign

Answer 16

Probably sign of pregnancy

• purple or blue discolouration of cervix, vagina and vulva
• caused by vascular congestion, hormonal imbalance or infection

Question 17

Hegar Sign

Answer 17

Probable sign of pregnancy

- Softening of lower uterine segment

Question 18

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

Answer 18

• Audible Fetal Heartbeat
• Fetal Movement felt by examiner
• Ultrasound visualization of fetus

Question 19

Stages of Pregency

Answer 19

Antepartum
Intrapartum
Postpartum

Question 20

Obsetric History

Answer 20

G- Gravida
T- Term ( 38 weeks)
P- Preterm(20-37 weeks)
A- Abortion
L- Living

Question 21

Estimated Date of Delivery is determined by …

Answer 21

1) Identifying Last Normal Menstrual Period ( LNMP)
2) Count backwards 3 months
3) add 7 days
4) Update the year

Question 22

Common Discomforts in pregancy

Answer 22

• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Heartburn
• Constipation
• Backache
• vaginal discharge
• Leg cramps
• Hemorrhoids

Question 23

4 Main Nutrients that are especially important in pregnancy

Answer 23

• Protein
• Calcium
• Iron
• Folic Acid

Question 24

Changes to these systems due to pregnancy

Answer 24

• Microbiome
• Endocrine
• Reproductive
• Respiratory
• Cardiovascular
• Gastrointestinal
• Integumentary and Skeletal

Question 25

Temporary Endocrine Organ

Answer 25

Placenta

Question 26

Uterus Changes in pregnancy

Answer 26

- size, shape, position - Contractility - Uteroplacental blood flow - cervical changes - Changes related to fetal presence

Question 27

First Visit Assessment

Answer 27

- Blood work - Pelvic exam and STI testing - Urine - Weight - VS - Fully Health History - Partners Health History - Pregnancy Education books/website

Question 28

Routine Assessments at Each Prenatal Visit

Answer 28

- Risk Factors ( review old and assess for new) - Vitals and Weight( is weight gain normal - Urinalysis ( protein, glucose, ketone levels) - Blood Glucose screening - Fundal Height - Leopold Maneuvers: presentation and position - Fetal heart rate - Nutrition intake: Folic Acid

Question 29

First Trimester 11-14 week blood work

Answer 29

Beta- hCG PAPP-A ( if these are high they maybe related to certain birth defects) Nuchal Translucency Ultrasound

Question 30

Second Trimester/Third Trimester

Answer 30

- Maternal serum quad screen

Question 31

What week do you do Open Neural Tubal Defect screen

Answer 31

15-21 weeks

Question 32

Glucose testing at what weeks

Answer 32

24-28 weeks

Question 33

RH Testing is done at what week

Answer 33

24- 28 weeks

Question 34

Glucose tolerance test

Answer 34

- Detects diabetes in pregnancy | - 24-28 weeks