Module 2: Atoms And Reactions 1 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
What ions do group 1 elements form??
A
+1
2
Q
What ions to group 2 elements form??
A
+2
3
Q
What ions to group 3 elements form
A
+3
4
Q
What ions to group 4 elements form??
A
Rarely form ions
5
Q
What ions to group 5 ions form??
A
-3
6
Q
What ions to group 6 ions form??
A
-2
7
Q
What ions to group 7 elements form??
A
-1
8
Q
What ions to group 0 elements from?
A
Do not form ions
9
Q
Hydrogen ion
A
H+
10
Q
Ammonium ion
A
NH4+
11
Q
Silver ion
A
AG+
12
Q
Lead (II) ion
A
Pb2+
13
Q
Zinc ion
A
Zn2+
14
Q
Iron (II) ion
A
Fe2+
15
Q
Iron (III) ion
A
Fe3+
16
Q
Copper (II) ion
A
Cu2+
17
Q
Hydroxide ions
A
OH-
18
Q
Nitrate ion
A
NO3-
19
Q
Sulphate ion
A
SO42-
20
Q
Sulphite ion
A
SO32-
21
Q
Carbonate ion
A
CO32-
22
Q
Hydrocarbonate ion
A
HCO3-
23
Q
Phosphate ion
A
PO43-
24
Q
Ethanoate ion
A
CH3CO2-
25
Hydrogen element
H2
26
Nitrogen element
N2
27
Oxygen element
O2
28
Fluorine element
F2
29
Chlorine element
Cl2
30
Bromine element
Br2
31
Iodine element
I2
32
Water compound
H2O
33
Ammonia compound
NH3
34
Methane compound
CH4
35
Carbon dioxide compound
CO2
36
Sulphur dioxide compound
SO2
37
Hydrogen chloride compound
HCL
38
Hydrogen peroxide compounds
H2O2
39
Acid + alkali
Salt + water
40
Acid + base
Salt + water
41
Acid + metal
Salt + hydrogen
42
Acid + carbonate
Salt + water + CO2
43
What ions do acids release in aqueous solutions??
H+ ions
44
What ions do alkalis release in solutions??
OH-
45
What is a base
A base is a substance that neutralises an acid
46
Examples of bases
Metal oxides and metal hydroxides
47
What is a salt?
Formed by replacing the H+ ion in an acid with another positive ion
48
Common acids
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Ethanoic acid
49
Common alkalis
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Ammonia
50
1 mole of gas is equal to how many dm^3
24dm^3
51
What do atoms consist
A number of fundamental particles
52
Proton relative mass
1
53
Proton relative charge
+1
54
Neutron relative mass
1
55
Neutron relative charge
0
56
Electron relative mass
1/1840
57
Electron relative charge
-1
58
Atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
59
Mass number
Sum of the protons and neut one in the nucleus
60
Relative atomic mass
The mass of an atom relative to the 12C isotope having a value of 12.000
61
Ar equation
Ar = average mass per atom of an element/mass of one atom of carbon-12 x12
62
What is carbon-12
The international standard isotope on which all other atomic masses are based
63
Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12
64
Isotopes definition
Atoms with some atomic number but different mass number
Same number of protons but different number of neutrons
65
Properties of an isotope
Chemical properties are identical
Physical properties can differ
66
Heavy water D2O
I'm heavy water, all molecules of H2O contain the second isotope of hydrogen called Deuterium
67
Binary compounds
Contain 2 elements only
68
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of the numbers of each kind of atom or ion in a compound
69
A molecular formula
Total numbers of each kind of atom in a molecule
70
Volumes of gases
1 mol of any gas occupies the same volume as a given temp and pressure
71
When is material lost during a chemical reaction
Filtering, distilling, transferring or purifying chemicals
Many reactions do not go to completion
Side reactions may have occurred
72
Percentage yield
Actual/theoretical x 100
73
What does a high % yield mean?
Efficient conversion of starting materials into product
74
Avogadros law
A temperature at a constant temperature and pressure
75
Boyle's law
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature
76
Charles' Law
For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure
77
Ideal gas equation
pV = nRT
V = volume
P = pressure
n = number of moles of gas
R = ideal gas equation
T = temperature
78
Atom economy equation
Atom economy = sum of Mr of desired products/sum of Mr of all products x 100
79
Benefits of a high atom economy
Most of the product is useful and there is little waste product
80
What is atom economy
A measure of how well atoms have been utilised in a chemical reaction
81
Limiting reagent
When using two reactants and one is in excess, the other will be completely used up and stop the reaction
82
Properties of an ideal gas
Gas particles have negligible size or volume
No intermolecular forces (no attraction between molecules)
Elastic collisions
Random motion
83
What happens when real gases are at low temp and high pressure
Particles are moving more slowly and are closer together
84
What does a chemical bond hold together?
Atoms, ions and molecules
85
What do the physical properties of a substance depend on??
Strength of the bonds that must be broken
86
Metals and non-metals have what bonding?
Ionic
87
Non metals only have what bonding?
Covalent
88
Metals only have what type of bonding??
Metallic bonding
89
What is ionic bonding??
An ionic bond is an electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
90
How are ionic bonds formed??
Formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to the next
91
What does the strength of the ionic bond depend upon??
The charge densities of the ions
92
What is the relationship between charge densities and bond strength??
The greater the charge density, the stronger the ionic bonds will be
93
What structure do strong electrostatic forces result in??
Result in a regular lattice
94
Why are atoms electrically neutral??
Because they contain the same number of protons and electrons
