Module 2 - Cells

Question 1

Somatic

Answer 1

Body cells

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

Sex cells

Question 3

Are diploid cells that divide to give rise to differentiated cells and replicate themselves in a process called “renewal”

Answer 3

Stem Cells

Question 4

Cells are composed of macromolecules such as

Answer 4

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Sugars and Starches

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

Fat and oils

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Enzyme reactions to sustain life

Question 8

Nucleic Acids

Answer 8

DNA and RNA

Question 9

Control center of the cell

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Site of protein synthesis and folding; lipid synthesis

Answer 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 11

Has ribosomes, protein synthesis

Answer 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)

Question 12

Lipid synthesis

Has no ribosomes attached

Answer 12

Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)

Question 13

Site where sugars are made and linked into starches or joined to lipids or proteins; proteins finish folding; secretions stored

Answer 13

Golgi Apparatus

Question 14

Degrades debris; recycles cell contents

Answer 14

Lysosome

Question 15

Releases energy from nutrients, participate in cell death

Answer 15

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Breaks down and detoxifies various molecules

Answer 16

Peroxisome

Question 17

Scaffoid and catalyst for protein synthesis

Answer 17

Ribosome

Question 18

Stores and transports substances

Answer 18

Vesicle

Question 19

Bilayer molecules called phospholipids which forms the structural backbone

Answer 19

Plasma Membrane

Question 20

Plasma Membrane layers

Answer 20

Hydropholic layer (outer)
Hydrophobic layer (inner)

Question 21

Meshwork of protein rods and tubules that serves as the cell’s architecture, positioning organelles overall providing 3D shape

Answer 21

Cytoskeleton

Question 22

Cytoskeleton has 3 major types of elements, what are these?

Answer 22

Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

Question 23

All cells have 3 things in common, what are these?

Answer 23

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Dna

Question 24

do eukaryotic cells have nucleus

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

do prokaryotic cells have nucleus?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

It is always one celled or unicellular organism

Answer 26

Prokaryotic Cells

Question 27

Blue Bacteria

Answer 27

Cyanobacteria

Question 28

is any life form consisting of one or more cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles separate from the plasma membrane enveloping the cell

Answer 28

Eukaryote

Question 29

a series of events which describes the sequence of activities as a cell prepares to divide and then does

Answer 29

Cell Cycle

Question 30

Two major stages of a cell cycle

Answer 30

Interphase | Mitosis

Question 31

a cell duplicates its chromosomes

Answer 31

Mitosis

Question 32

it apportions one set of chromosomes into each of two resulting cells

Answer 32

Cytokinesis

Question 33

produces sperm or eggs, which have half the amount of genetic material in somatic cells

Answer 33

Meiosis

Question 34

During this phase, a cell continues the basic biochemical functions of life while replicating its DNA and other subcellular structures.

Answer 34

Interphase

Question 35

Quiet Phase

Answer 35

G0

Question 36

This may ensure if the cell’s DNA is so damaged that cancer might result

Answer 36

Apoptosis

Question 37

is the period of the cell cycle that varies the most in duration among different cell types.

Answer 37

G1

Question 38

During this phase, the cell replicates its entire genome.

Answer 38

S phase

Question 39

The 2 long strands of identical chromosomal material in a replicated chromosome are called?

Answer 39

Chromatids

Question 40

Space between chromatids are called?

Answer 40

Furrow

Question 41

temporarily pauses the cell cycle while special proteins repair damaged DNA

Answer 41

DNA damage checkpoint

Question 42

turns on as mitosis begins.

Answer 42

Apoptosis checkpoint

Question 43

oversees construction of the spindle & the binding of chromosomes to it.

Answer 43

Spindle assembly checkpoint

Question 44

function like cellular fuses that burn down as pieces are lost from the ends.

Answer 44

Telomeres