module 2- chapter 1- immunology

Question 1

acts immediately or within hours

Answer 1

innate immunity

Question 2

not antigen specific
instead, recognizes Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) and Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP)

Answer 2

innate immunity

Question 3

no clonal expansion of cells in response of infection

Answer 3

innate immunity

Question 4

requires days to weeks before its effective

Answer 4

adaptive immunity

Question 5

highly antigen specific. recognizes specific epitopes on specific proteins of specific pathogens

Answer 5

adaptive immunity

Question 6

functional genes encoding antigen receptors are not present in germ line

Answer 6

adaptive immunity

Question 7

in adaptive immunity, clonal selection of proliferation of B and T lymphocytes specific for particular antigens happens after what

Answer 7

exposure to those antigens

Question 8

what cells are associated with humeral immunity:

cell-mediated immunity:

Answer 8

humoral: B lymphocytes
cell-mediated: t lymphocytes

Question 9

this type of adaptive immunity blocks infections and eliminates extracellular microbes

Answer 9

humoral immunity, B lymphocytes

Question 10

this type of adaptive immunity eliminates phagocytosed microbes

Answer 10

helper t lymphocytes
cell mediated immunity

Question 11

this type of adaptive immunity kills infected cells and eliminates reservoirs of infection

Answer 11

cytotoxic t lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity

Question 12

ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific responses

Answer 12

specificity

Question 13

enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens

Answer 13

diversity

Question 14

increases number of antigen specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes

Answer 14

clonal expansion

Question 15

leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens

Answer 15

memory

Question 16

generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

Answer 16

specialization

Question 17

allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens

Answer 17

contraction and homeostasis

Question 18

prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens

Answer 18

nonreactivity to self

Question 19

specific recognition of antigens.
these cells are mediators

Answer 19

lymphocytes
b-lymphocytes: mediators of humoral immunity
t-lymphocytes: mediators of cell-mediated immunity

Question 20

these cells capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes.

Answer 20

antigen-presenting cells:
dendritic cells
macrophages
follicular dendritic cells
(b cells)

Question 21

type of antigen presenting cell that initiates t cell repsonses

Answer 21

dendritic cells

Question 22

type of antigen-presenting that is the effector phase of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 22

macrophages

Question 23

type of antigen presenting cell that displays antigens to b lymphocytes in humoral immune repsonses

Answer 23

follicular dendritic cells

Question 24

cell type that eliminates antigens?
what are examples of this cell type?

Answer 24

effector cells
t lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes

Question 25

type of effector cell that activates phagocytes, killing infecting cells

Answer 25

t lymphocytes

Question 26

type of effector cell that deals with phagocytosis and killing of microbes

Answer 26

macrophages

Question 27

type of effector cell that kills microbes

Answer 27

granulocytes

Question 28

all lymphocytes arise from

Answer 28

stem cells in bone marrow

Question 29

give brief explanation on the stages of maturation for b and t lymphocytes

Answer 29

naive cells do antigen recognition, proliferate into activated or effector lymphocyte, then differentiate, then memory lymphocyte

Question 30

after lymphocytes are activated by antigens, B and T cells....

Answer 30

migrate towards each other and meet at the edge of the follicle (middle of t and b)

Question 31

when B and T lymphocytes meet at the edge of the lymphoid follicle, there what cells interact with and help B cells differentiate into antibody producing cells

Answer 31

helper t cells

Question 32

early innate immune defensive mechanism is to keep out microbes and if the defensive barriers are crossed, what occurs

Answer 32

inflammation and antiviral mechanisms

Question 33

what is active immunity? what is passive immunity?

Answer 33

active: microbrial agent (vaccine or infection) specific and memory passive: serum (antibodies) from immune individual (toxin or snake bite) specific and no memory