Module 2 - Energy Requirements, Physical Activity, Weight and Health

Question 1

What does TEE stand for?

Answer 1

total energy expenditure

Question 2

What does TEE include?

Answer 2

1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. thermic effect of food
4. thermoregulation

Question 3

Which accounts for the most of TEE?

Answer 3

basal metabolism

Question 4

What accounts for 20-30% of TEE?

Answer 4

physical activity

Question 5

What can effect TEE?

Answer 5

different life stages (pregnancy, lactation)

Question 6

What is basal metabolism?

Answer 6

• energy expended by internal processes during a period of complete rest
• in fasting state (10 hours after meal)

Question 7

What is resting metabolism?

Answer 7

nonfasting state

Question 8

Patients needs may be affected by what?

Answer 8

different areas of their body (ex: liver, brain, heart, etc)

Question 9

To safely increase RMR what must be increased?

Answer 9

skeletal muscle-to-fat ratio

Question 10

Men have a greater _________ : _________ ratio than women

Answer 10

muscle : adipose

Question 11

RMR is higher in ______ and decreases with ______

Answer 11

infants; age

Question 12

A 200 Ib person with 12% body fat would be expected to have an RMR that was ____ compared to another person who weighed the same yet with 25% body fat?

a. lower
b. higher
c. same

Answer 12

b. higher

Question 13

RMR is most closely correlated with what?

Answer 13

FFM

Question 14

FFM =

Answer 14

body weight - fat mass

Question 15

Physical activity is the ____________ component of TEE

Answer 15

most variable component of TEE

Question 16

How much does physical activity contribute to TEE?

Answer 16

15-30%

Question 17

Spontaneous non-exercise activity takes up to how many kcal per day?

Answer 17

~100-700 kcal/day

Question 18

Thermic Effect of Food varies by what?

Answer 18

varies amount and composition of food

Question 19

Why does protein have a higher metabolic cost than carbohydrates and fat?

Answer 19

due to metabolism of amino acids

Question 20

TEF is estimated as

Answer 20

10% of total energy intake

Question 21

Thermoregulation can be affected by what?

Answer 21

1. changes in environmental temperature
2. changes in radiant energy

Question 22

What is the goal of thermoregulation?

Answer 22

to maintain constant or near-constant body temperature

Question 23

How does growth influence energy expenditure?

Answer 23

energy costs associated with tissue deposition

Question 24

What is the estimated change in calorie need during the 1st 6 months of lactation?

Answer 24

+330 calories

Question 25

What is the estimated change in calorie need during the 2nd 6 months of lactation?

Answer 25

+400 calories

Question 26

What is the estimated energy requirement (EER)?

Answer 26

the average energy intake needed to maintain balance for an adult, based on age, sex, size, weight, activity level, and life stage

Question 27

What is the EER for a 20 yr old, nonpregnant/nonlactating woman who is 165 cm in height, weighs 63 kg, and is determined to have a low active PAL? a. 2,000 kcal/day b. 2,150 kcal/day c. 2,289 kcal/day d. 2,350 kcal/day

Answer 27

c. 2,289 kcal/day

Question 28

What is the EER for a 2-year-old boy who is 98 cm in height and weighs 15.5 kg? a. 1,105 kcal/day b. 1,281 kcal/day c. 1,325 kcal/day d. 1,478 kcal/day

Answer 28

b. 1,281 kcal/day

Question 29

Why is there no RDA or UL for energy?

Answer 29

because any intake above the requirement causes weight gain, increasing risk for comorbidities

Question 30

What are the costs of inadequate physical activity?

Answer 30

$117 billion dollars in annual health care costs

Question 31

Due to inadequate physical activity, what is the percentage of premature mortality?

Answer 31

10%

Question 32

Childhood obesity rates have ______ since the 1970s

Answer 32

tripled

Question 33

Why is obesity a threat to national security?

Answer 33

obesity disqualifies nearly one-third of American youth, ages 17 to 24, from military service

Question 34

What are the steps in the development and implementation of the physical activity guidelines?

Answer 34

1. appointment of PAG advisory committee 2. review of the current science 3. PAGAC scientific report 4. development of physical activity guidelines 5. implemented in federal programs and initiatives

Question 35

BMI is _______ and _______ tool

Answer 35

research and screening

Question 36

BMI should not be used for what?

Answer 36

should not be used to diagnose an individual's health status

Question 37

Define weight bias

Answer 37

negative social devaluation based on body size or body weight

Question 38

Weight bias leads to what?

Answer 38

1. weight stigma 2. prejudice 3. stereotypes 4. discrimination

Question 39

Define weight stigma

Answer 39

discriminatory acts and ideologies based on weight and size

Question 40

Weight bias affects which gender more?

Answer 40

women > men

Question 41

Weight bias affects which body weight more?

Answer 41

higher body weight > lower body weight

Question 42

How many adults report experiencing weight bias/stigma

Answer 42

4 in 10 adults