Module 2 - foundations in chemistry

Question 1

What are the standard conditions for 1 mol of any gas?

Answer 1

298 K 25 C
100 kPa

Question 2

What is the equation for volume of gas?

Answer 2

V = n x 24 dm mol -1

Question 3

How do you convert from cm3 to dm3?

Answer 3

x/1000

Question 4

What is the ideal gas equation?

Answer 4

PV=nRT
P=pressure Pa V=volume m3 n=moles R=8.31 T=temperature K

Question 5

How to convert C to K (temp)?

Answer 5

K=273 + C

Question 6

What is volume proportional to?

Answer 6

Moles

Question 7

What is the equation for percentage yeild?

Answer 7

actual yeild/theoretical yeild x 100

Question 8

What is the equation for atom economy?

Answer 8

Mr desired/mr all x 100

Question 9

What are some environmental and economic benefits of high atom economy?

Answer 9

Avoiding waste
High sustainability
More profitable
High efficiency

Question 10

What is an example of an acid test

Answer 10

Fizzing CaCO3 dissapears

Question 11

How many orbiatls and electrons are in each subshell?

Answer 11

s 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14

Question 12

What shapes are the s and p orbitals?

Answer 12

s orbital - sphere
p orbital - dumbell

Question 13

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 13

Salts:metal + non metal

Question 14

How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for an ionic compound and what are their physical properties?

Answer 14

Square bracket with charge around ion
High melting point
soluble in water
conduct electricity in solution or when molten

Question 15

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 15

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 16

How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for covalent compounds?
What are their physical properties?

Answer 16

Overlapping circles
Low melting point
not soluble in water
not conducting electricity

Question 17

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 17

Strong electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons

Question 18

What is a dative covalent bond?

Answer 18

Both electrons come from one atom

Question 19

What is the shape of a molecule dependant on?

Answer 19

Number of electron pairs (bonds, lone pairs)

Question 20

What is the name and bond angle of a central atom with 2 partners?

Answer 20

Linear
180

Question 21

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 3 partners?

Answer 21

trigonal planar
120

Question 22

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 4 partners?

Answer 22

Tetrahedral 109.5
draw straight line bonds next to eachother

Question 23

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 3 partners and one lone pair?

Answer 23

Trigonal pyramidal 107

Question 24

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 2 partners and 2 lone pairs?

Answer 24

bent/non linear 104.5

Question 25

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 5 partners?

Answer 25

trigonal bipyramidal 120 and 90

Question 26

What is the name and bod angle of one central atom with 6 partners?

Answer 26

octahedral 90

Question 27

Define electronegativity

Answer 27

Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond

Question 28

Define ionisation energy

Answer 28

energy required to remove one electron from one mole of gaseous atoms

Question 29

When does a big jump occur?

Answer 29

when a new shell is broken into (closer to nucleus)

Question 30

What is a permenant dipole permenant dipole

Answer 30

contain polar bonds due to different electronegativities

Question 31

What are induced dipole dipole interactions: London forces

Answer 31

Non polar molecules contain no polar bonds

Question 32

What are temporary/instantaneous dipoles dependant on?

Answer 32

Number of electrons Surface area points of contact

Question 33

What is important to remember when drawing a hydrogen bond?

Answer 33

Write partial charges on top and draw H-bond as dotted line between H and lone pair of electrons

Question 34

What are some anomalous properties of water?

Answer 34

High boiling point Lower density than ice due to more H-bonds in liquid water Lattice structure with more space;H bonds longer than covalent bonds