MODULE 2 health policy PHC in the hands of the people, FM&BPSA

Question 1

HEALTH POLICY SHOULD BE

Answer 1

1. aligned with international commitments, national directives and health agenda
2. evidence-based
3. disseminated to stakeholders upon approval
4. monitored in terms of implementation and performance

Question 2

Forms of public health policies

Answer 2

1. Laws
2. Rules/Regulations
3. Operational Decisions
4. Judicial Decisions

Question 3

Where do legislations, A.O.s, E.O.s emanate?

Answer 3

1. Department of Health
2. Office of the President and Cabinet
3. The Senate and Lower House of Congress
4. Civil Society Groups

Question 4

Goal of Health policy

Answer 4

To provide access to quality care at an affordable cost

Question 5

Steps in policy formulation

Answer 5

1. Describe the problem
2. Assess readiness for policy development
3. Develop goals, objectives, and policy options
4. Identify decision makers and influencers
5. Build support for a policy
6. Write and/or revise the policy
7. Implement the policy 8. Evaluate and monitor the policy

Question 6

Alma Ata Declaration

Answer 6

Health for All in 2000

Question 7

Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford.

Answer 7

Phc

Question 8

Practical approach to make health benefits within the reach of all

Answer 8

Primary Health Care

Question 9

Approach to health development with the ultimate aim of continuous improvement and maintenance of the health status of the community

Answer 9

Primary Health Care

Question 10

Essential Elements of Primary Health Care

Answer 10

Education concerning prevailing health problems and controlling them 
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition Provision of safe water and basic sanitation Maternal and child health care 
Immunization against major infectious diseases Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries 
Provision of essential drugs

Question 11

Two-pronged goal of PHC

Answer 11

SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENTAL

Question 12

improvement of QOL and maximum health benefits for all

Answer 12

SOCIAL

Question 13

community as moving towards socio-economic prosperity through self-reliance

Answer 13

DEVELOPMENTAL

Question 14

Basic Principles Of Primary Health Care

Answer 14

Equitable distribution Focus on prevention Community participation Multi-sectoral approach Appropriate technology

Question 15

2 Types of Linkages

Answer 15

Intersectoral Linkages

Intrasectoral Linkages

Question 16

Identify the health care system
Rural (local hospital) Services
Rural Health Units Village
Local health Stations

Answer 16

PHC

Question 17

Intersectoral Linkages

Answer 17

Agriculture Education Public works Local governments Social welfare Population control Private sectors

Question 18

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY criteria

Answer 18

Effective and safe Complexity Cost Acceptable Scope of technology Feasibility

Question 19

Types of Primary Health Care Workers

Answer 19

Intermediate level health workers
First Line Hospital Personnel
Village or grassroot health workers

Question 20

First contacts of the community and the initial link in the health chain

Answer 20

Village or grassroot health workers

Question 21

Trained community health workers, volunteers, traditional birth attendants or healers

Answer 21

Village or grassroot health workers

Question 22

General medical practitioners, public health nurses, and midwives

Answer 22

Intermediate level health workers

Question 23

Provide support to frontline HWs in terms of supervision, training, referral services, etc

Answer 23

Intermediate level health workers

Question 24

Physicians with some specialty area, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, etc, working in primary hospitals

Answer 24

First Line Hospital Personnel

Question 25

Provide back up health services for cases that require hospitalization or diagnostic facilities not available in the health center

Answer 25

First Line Hospital Personnel

Question 26

Its objective is to improve the quality of life of people of the world through fostering and maintaining high standards of care in family medicine.

Answer 26

WONCA- World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of Family Physicians, other wise known as World Organization of Family Doctors

Question 27

Discipline of Medicine with distinct core of knowledge and characteristics of care, which refers to individuals, family and community, and functions within economic, cultural and social environments and resources

Answer 27

FAMILY MEDICINE

Question 28

Centered on the Family as a basic social unit

Answer 28

FAMILY MEDICINE

Question 29

Not only disease-oriented but health- oriented which emphasizes on the importance of disease prevention, health maintence and curative medicine

Answer 29

FAMILY MEDICINE

Question 30

PRINCIPLES OF FAMILY MEDICINE

Answer 30

1. The person, not the problem 2. The patient’s context 3. The preventive attitude 4. The population at risk 5. Community resources 6. Integrating life 7. Integrating work 8. Subjective aspects of Medicine 9. Resource management

Question 31

Family physicians are committed to the person rather than to a particular body of knowledge, group of diseases, or special technique

Answer 31

THE PERSON, NOT THE PROBLEM

Question 32

Principle of family med Why did the patient come?; Why did the patient come at this time?; What does the patient think is wrong?; How does the patient illness fit with his life situation and stage of development?

Answer 32

THE PATIENT’S CONTEXT

Question 33

The family physician seeks to understand the context of the illness.

Answer 33

THE PATIENT’S CONTEXT

Question 34

The family physician sees every contact with his patients as an opportunity for prevention or health education.

Answer 34

THE PREVENTIVE ATTITUDE

Question 35

Principle of family med What are this patient’s risk?; What can I do at this visit to promote his health or prevent disease?

Answer 35

THE PREVENTIVE ATTITUDE

Question 36

It implies a commitment to maintain health whether or not they happen to be attending the office/ clinic

Answer 36

THE POPULATION AT RISK

Question 37

The family physician sees himself as part of a community-wide network of supportive and health care agencies.

Answer 37

COMMUNITY RESOURCES

Question 38

Ideally, the family physician should share the same habitat as his patients.

Answer 38

INTEGRATING LIFE

Question 39

The Love Canal disaster in Niagara Falls provides a vivid illustration of what can happen when physicians are remote from the environment of their patients

Answer 39

INTEGRATING LIFE

Question 40

The family physician sees patients in their homes

Answer 40

INTEGRATING WORK

Question 41

It teach us how much background information can be obtained from patient and his family.

Answer 41

HOME VISITS/ HOME CARE:

Question 42

It can show how many illness can be satisfactorily diagnosed and managed at home using very simple methods

Answer 42

HOME VISITS/ HOME CARE:

Question 43

As generalists and first-contact physicians, they have control of large resources and are able to control admission to hospital, use of investigations, prescription of treatment, and referral to specialists.

Answer 43

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Question 44

THE FIVE- STAR PHYSICIAN

Answer 44

 Health Care Provider  Researcher  Educator  Social Mobilizer  Manager

Question 45

Characteristic of a 5 star physician | Considers the patient as an integral part of a family and the community

Answer 45

Healthcare provider

Question 46

Characteristic of a 5 star physician | Chooses which technologies to apply ethically and cost- effectively

Answer 46

Researcher

Question 47

Characteristic of a 5 star physician | Reconcile individual and community health requirements and initiate action on behalf of the community

Answer 47

Social mobilizer

Question 48

Characteristic of a 5 star physician | Providing high standard clinical care

Answer 48

Healthcare provider

Question 49

Characteristic of a 5 star physician Promote healthy lifestyle by empathic explanation, thereby empowering individuals and group to enhance and protect their health

Answer 49

Educator

Question 50

Characteristic of a 5 star physician Pre- patient education directed at non- patients or pre-patients by educating about disease prevention and health promotion through pamphlets, magazine, media and other reading materials while in the waiting area.

Answer 50

Educator clinical setting

Question 51

Characteristic of a 5 star physician | Community Project

Answer 51

Educator community setting

Question 52

Characteristic of a 5 star physician The ultimate goal of health education is the improvement of the nation’s health and the reduction of preventable illness, disability, and death.

Answer 52

Educator

Question 53

Characteristic of a 5 star physician Can work harmoniously with individuals and organizations, within and without the health care system, in order to meet his patients’ and communities’ needs

Answer 53

Manager

Question 54

Characteristic of a 5 star physician Knowledgeable in coordinating the timely referral of their patient, networking and linkages to different sectors of the government.

Answer 54

Manager

Question 55

Characteristic of a 5 star physician | Utilize evidence based medicine in the practice of profession, e.g. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG)

Answer 55

Researcher

Question 56

Systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery

Answer 56

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH

Question 57

clinical medicine focus on pathophysiology and other biological approaches to disease

Answer 57

Biomedical models

Question 58

emphasize the importance of understanding human health and illness in their fullest contexts.

Answer 58

biopsychosocial approach