MODULE 2: NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
Module 2 (123 cards)
1
Q
A complex collection of nerves and specialized cell which TRANSMITS SIGNALS between the BRAIN and the rest of the BODY, including INTERNAL ORGANS.
A
The Nervous System
2
Q
Controls the ability to MOVE, BREATHE, SEE, THINK & more
A
The Nervous System’s Activity
3
Q
Is a network of neurons whose main feature is to (GMT) generate, modulate and transmit
information between all the different parts of the human body
A
Nervous System
4
Q
3 Important Functions of the Nervous System
A
- Regulation of vital body functions
- Sensation
- Body Movements
5
Q
Regulation of vital body functions include: HBD
A
Heartbeat, Breathing and Digestion
6
Q
The nervous system preside everything that makes us human (True or False)
A
TRUE
7
Q
What makes us human? (CCBM)
A
Cognition
Consciousness
Behaviour and
Memories
8
Q
2 systems under Nervous System
A
Central Nervous System (CNS)
and
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
9
Q
CNS is made up of:
A
Brain and the Spinal Cord
10
Q
PNS is made up of 2 NS:
A
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
11
Q
It is the integration and command center of the body
A
CNS
12
Q
represents the conduit between the CNS and the body.
A
PNS
13
Q
4 parts of the brain
A
cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem
14
Q
the brain weighs approximately:
A
1.3 to 1.4 kgs
15
Q
2 Types of Matter
A
Grey and White Matter
16
Q
receives and stores impulses (cell bodies and neuroglia)
A
GREY MATTER
17
Q
carries impulses to and from grey matter (axons)
A
WHITE MATTER
18
Q
processes the incoming information from peripheral tissues and generate commands,
telling the tissues how to respond and function
A
The 4 parts of the brain
19
Q
It is a long tube-like structure which extend from the brain
A
SPINAL CORD
20
Q
Length of Spinal Cord in Adult Women
A
43cm
21
Q
Length of Spinal Cord in Adult Men
A
45cm
22
Q
Weight of Spinal Cord
A
35-40 grams
23
Q
What lies between the vertebral column (back bone) ?
A
SPINAL CORD
24
Q
Spinal Cord is composed of __ segments and a pair of spinal nerves comes out of each segment (called ______ _______)
A
31, Spinal Segment
25
Where are motor and sensory nerves located?
At the Spinal Cord
26
three layers or membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord
MENINGES
27
What are the Meninges 3 layers
dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater
28
it PROTECTS the brain and spinal cord by acting as a BARRIER AGAINST BACTERIA and other
microorganisms
MENINGES
29
OUTERMOST LAYER OF MENINGES
DURA MATER
30
INNERMOST LAYER
PIA MATER
31
CIRCULATES AROUND the brain and spinal cord which PROTECTS AND NOURISHES the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
32
basic unit in the nervous system
NEURONS
33
NEURONS is a ___________ conductor cell that receives and transmits _______________ nerve impulses
specialized, electrochemical
34
3 Parts of Neurons
Cell body
Dendrites and
Axon
35
2 Types of Neurons
Efferent and Afferent
36
thick extensions that appear like CABLES
DENDRITES
37
its function is to carry nerve impulses INTO the cell body
DENDRITES
38
Neurons that have a single, long dendrites
Sensory Neurons
39
Neurons that have multiple thick dendrites
Motor Neurons
40
it is a long, thin process that carries impulses AWAY from the cell body TO ANOTHER NEURON or tissue
AXON
41
how many axon is/are there per neuron
1
42
2 other term for glial cells
Neuroglia or Glia
43
these are small, NON- EXCITATORY cells that act as SUPPORT TO NEURONS
neuroglia
44
5 FUNCTIONS OF GLIAL CELLS
DMMPP
Do not propagate action potentials
Myelinate neurons
Maintain homeostatic balance
Provide structural support
Protect and nourish neurons throughout the nervous system
45
Oligodendrocytes (CNS) & _______ cells (PNS)
__________ (CNS) & satellite glial cells (PNS)
microglia and _________ cells
Schwann, astrocytes and ependymal
46
phagocytes of the CNS
microglia
47
ventricular system of CNS
ependymal cells
48
these are WHITE SEGMENTED COVERING around axons and dendrites of peripheral neurons FORMED by Schwann Cells, covers the neuron
MYELIN SHEATH
49
MYELIN SHEATH is continuous along axons or dendrites except where?
at the point of termination and
at the nodes of Ranvier
50
is the layer of Schwann cells with a nucleus; it ALLOW damaged nerves to REGENERATE
NEURILEMMA
51
Nerves in the brain and spinal cord have neurilemma (TRUE or FALSE)
FALSE
52
Different types of neurons control or perform different activities. For instance, _____ neurons transmit messages from the brain to the muscles to generate movement. _______ neurons detect light, sound, odor, taste, pressure, and heat and send messages about those things to the brain. Other parts of the nervous
system control involuntary processes
motor, sensory
53
3 Types of Neuron
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
54
Multipolar has ___ axon and _______ dendrites; commonly found in the _____ and ______ ____
one
several
brain
spinal cord
55
Bipolar has ___ axon and ___ dendrite; they are seen in the ______ of the eye, _____ ___ and
_________ area
one
one
retina
inner ear
olfactory
56
It has ONE PROCESS EXTENDING FROM THE CELL BODY; the one process is divided into 2 parts, one acts as axon while the other part functions as dendrite; they are seen in the ______ ____
ANSWER: UNIPOLAR
fill in the blank answer: spinal cord
57
PNS is consists of __ pairs of cranial nerves, __ pairs of spinal nerves and a number of small ________ ________ throughout the body called ganglia
12, 31, neuronal clusters
58
(True or False) Peripheral nerves CAN BE Sensory or Afferent, Motor or Efferent or mixed depending on what structures they innervate
TRUE
59
innervates special senses and is found only in afferent fibers
Special
60
supplies everything except special senses
General
61
innervates the skin and skeletal muscles
Somatic
62
supplies the internal organs
Visceral
63
Consists of peripheral nerve fibers that pick up sensory information or sensations from the
peripheral or distant organs like limbs and carry them to the central nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
64
consists of motor nerve fibers that come out of the brain and take the messages for
movement and necessary action to the skeletal muscles
SNS
65
Involuntary motor control of organs and body functions
Autonomic Nervous System
66
a complex network of nerve fibers that innervates the organs within the ABDOMEN like gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, gall bladder and contains nearly 100 MILLION nerves
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
67
3 PARTS OF ANS
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and
enteric nervous system (ENS)
68
Specifically designed to transmit message (nerve impulses)
NEURONS
69
contains nucleus
CELL BODY
70
toward cell body
dendrites
71
carries messages to next neuron
fiber (process)
72
away from the cell body
axon
73
these neurons take sensory information from the environment and sends the signal to the brain
ex. getting poked with a needle
Sensory neurons
74
these neurons communicate information from the BRAIN TO TISSUES AND ORGANS throughout the body, ALLOWING FOR MOVEMENT
Motor Neurons
75
these neurons make up the majority of neurons in the body
Interneuron
76
neurons that are essentially the "middle man" transmitting information BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS
Interneuron
77
neurons that play a key role in learning, memory and planning
Interneuron
78
brains messenger
neurotransmitters
79
_________ is for mood regulation, _______, depression, _____ and _________.
SEROTONIN, anxiety, sleep, digestion
80
________ is for pleasure, ______, motivation, _____ _______ and reinforcement.
DOPAMINE, reward, motor control
81
_________ is for memory and ______ ___________.
GLUTAMATE, neuron development
82
_______________ is for stress reactions, ______ and _________.
NOREPHINEPHRINE, arousal, attention
83
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN
FOREBRAIN, MIDBRAIN and HINDBRAIN
84
helps to regulate movement and process AUDITORY AND VISUAL INFORMATION
MIDBRAIN
85
helps to regulate AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS, relay SENSORY INFO, COORDINATE MOVEMNT and maintain BALANCE AND EQUILIBRIUM
HIDBRAIN
86
PROCESSES SENSORY INFORMATION, helps with REASONING and PROBLEM SOLVING
FOREBRAIN
87
regulates AUTONOMIC, ENDOCRINE AND MOTOR FUNCTIONS
FOREBRAIN
88
Fight or Flight
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
89
Rest or Digest
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
90
controls INVOLUNTARY movements
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
91
controls VOLUNTARY movements
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
92
CNS to muscles and glands
MOTOR NEURONS
93
Sensory organs to CNS
SENSORY NEURONS
94
Conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities
SPINAL CORD
95
Receives and processes sensory information, intitiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions
BRAIN
96
2 Divisions of ANS
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
97
in charge of your body temp, hunger and thirst
HYPOTHALAMUS
98
helps you make long term memories
HIPPOCAMPUS
99
controls your breathing, heartbeat, facial expressions and more
BRAINSTEM
100
helps you coordinate when you move
CEREBELLUM
101
helps you make sense of what your hear
TEMPORAL LOBE (auditory)
102
controls the release of most hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
103
helps you reason, plan, pay attention and move specific body parts
FRONTAL LOBE (Thought process)
104
let you perceive things like touch, taste and pain
PARIETAL LOBE (sensory and motor)
105
makes sense of what you see
OCCIPITAL LOBE (vision)
106
(True or False) Voluntary motor ability starts in frontal lobe
True
107
Parts of Spinal Cord
Cervical Spine Vertebrae
Thoracic Spine Vertebrae
Lumber Spine Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
108
chest muscles and abdominal muscles
THORACIC NERVES
109
Leg Muscles
LUMBER NERVES
110
Coccyxgeal
Coccyx
111
Bowel, Bladder Sexual Function
SACRAL NERVES
112
Head and Neck, Diaphragm, Deltoids and Biceps, Wrist Extenders, Triceps and Hand
CERVICAL NERVES
113
this is what connects brain to your spine
BRAIN STEM also known as Medula Oblongata
114
where synapse happen
Node of Ranvier
115
skin receptors that activates when theres chemical, mechanical, thermal damage outside the skin
NOCICEPTORS
116
basic unit of nervous system
neurons
117
basic cell
neurons
118
supporting cells
glial cells
119
kyphosis
kuba hunchback
120
lordosis
exaggerated inward
121
Brainstem can be divided into:
Hindbrain, Midbrain and Diencephalon
122
Diencephalon is divided into:
thalamus and hypothalamus
123
line that divides right and left hemisphere of the brain
CORPUS CALLOSUM
