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Module 2 -Promoting the Health of Older People Flashcards

1
Q

Healthy ageing is influenced by….

Name the two factors.

A

Biological (genetic) and modifiable (lifestyle) factors.

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2
Q

What are modifiable (lifestyle) factors?

A

Nutritional intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and tobacco, alcohol, salt, blood glucose and blood pressure reduction

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3
Q

Name 5 recommendations and guidelines for older people to maintain a healthy lifestyle and age well.

A
  • HEALTH ASSESSMENTS
  • SCREENING AND INTERVENTION
  • MAINTAINING A SAFE ENVIRONMENT
  • MOVING AND EATING WELL
  • MAINTAINING SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
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4
Q

Health assessments, screening and interventions.

Name the different types of tests, assessments and interventions older people should have performed.

A
  • Regular blood tests (liver, kidney and thyroid, blood glucose)
  • Depression screening
  • Aspirin daily in high risk groups for cardiovascular disease and stroke
  • Vaccinations
  • STI screening
  • Vision and hearing tests
  • Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy Faecal occult blood test (FOBT) yearly
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5
Q

What vaccinations should older Australians receive?

A

Influenza

Pneumococcal

Shingles

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6
Q

How often should vision and hearing tests be done?

A

Yearly.

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7
Q

What screening should males undertake yearly?

A

Rectal exam and prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test yearly.

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8
Q

What screening should females undertake yearly?

A

Mammogram yearly

Cervical screening for those in a high risk group

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9
Q

MAINTAINING A SAFE ENVIRONMENT.

What should older Australians do to ensure a safe environment around them (both at home and in the community)?

A
  • Home safety measures to reduce falls and hazards (rails, ramps, de-clutter, etc).
  • Driving in later years - education and assessment
  • Assessment for risk factors of any kind of abuse
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10
Q

MOVING AND EATING WELL

What can older Australians do ensure that continue to move and eat well?

A
  • Balanced diet (fewer calories due to low metabolic rate)
  • Increase in Vitamin D, fibre and calcium intake
  • Regular physical activity (recommended is 30 minutes every day)
  • Cease smoking
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11
Q

MAINTAINING SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS.

What can older people to maintain social relationships?

A
  • Keeping relationships fostering deep discussion on emotions, fears and hope
  • Involvement in social groups meaningful for the older person
  • Pursuing interests (hobbies, study, sport)
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12
Q

What happens to the urinary system when we age?

A
  • Excretory function and filtering ability of the kidneys diminish
  • Volume and capacity of the bladder decreases.
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13
Q

Is urinary or faecal incontinence a normal part of ageing?

A

NO!

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14
Q

Changes in the urinary system can result in:

A
  • Urinary urgency (sudden feeling of needing to void)
  • Frequency (increase in regularity of needing to void)
  • Nocturia
  • UTIs
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15
Q

What are ways to promote health and function of the urinary system?

A
  • Ensuring fluid intake of 8-10 glasses of non-caffeinated drinks.
  • Strengthen pelvic floor muscles.
  • Avoid eating or drinking things irritating to the bladder (sugar, alcohol, caffeine, spicy food)
  • Education about continence and continence management aids.
  • Emotional and and person-centred support
  • Review of medications.
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16
Q

What happens to the Gastrointestinal System when we age?

A
  • Decrease in digestive enzymes and saliva.
  • Slower nutrient absorption rate
  • slowing of the oesophagus and colon
  • reduction in gastric PH -
  • Enamel on teeth deteriorate -
  • gums retract
  • Tooth roots shrink
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17
Q

What are ways to promote health and function of the Gastrointestinal System?

A
  • appropriate and regular oral hygiene and dental care
  • appropriate nutritional intake; increased fibre intake, foods low in salt, fat and sugar
  • 8-10 glasses of fluid each day
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18
Q

Changes in the Gastrointestinal System can result in…

List at lewast 5 changes.

A
  1. Delayed swallowing time indigestion,
  2. constipation
  3. malnutrition
  4. diverticulitis,
  5. anaemia
  6. xerostomia (dry mouth)
  7. tooth loss and decay
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19
Q

Persons aged 70-79 years should be vaccinated for:

A

Shingles (herpes zoster)

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20
Q

What is Shingles (Herpes Zoster)?

A

A reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in a person who has previously had varicella (chickenpox). Herpes zoster commonly presents as a painful, self-limiting vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution.

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21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Shingles?

A
  • headache
  • unilateral vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution
  • photophobia
  • malaise
  • itching,
  • tingling or severe pain in the affected dermatome
22
Q

What are the complications of Shingles?

A
  • Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) -
  • neuropathic pain syndrome
  • ophthalmic disease, such as keratitis and chorioretinitis
  • neurological complications, such as meningoencephalitis and myelitis
  • secondary bacterial skin infection
  • scarring
  • pneumonia
23
Q

How is shingles transmitted?

A

Spreads through direct contact with fluid from the rash blisters caused by herpes zoster.

24
Q

What is Influenza?

A

Common disease of the respiratory tract. Most common vaccine-preventable disease in Australia.

25
Q

What are the complications of influenza?

A
  • acute bronchitis
  • croup
  • acute otitis media
  • pneumonia (primary viral and secondary bacterial pneumonia)
  • cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis and pericarditis
  • post-infectious encephalitis
  • Reye syndrome
  • various haematological abnormalities
26
Q

What is Pneumococcal disease?

A

Pneumococcal disease is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can cause severe invasive disease, including meningitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia, and non-invasive disease, including otitis media.

27
Q

What happen to your immune system when you age?

A
  • Decrease in production of cells that provide protection against infection.
  • increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.
  • autoimmune disorder may develop. -
  • Slow to heal.
  • The immune system’s ability to detect and correct cell defects also declines, increasing the risk of cancer.
28
Q

What are ways to promote health and function of the immune system?

A
  • Staying up to date with vaccinations
  • Regular exercise
  • Good nutritional intake.
  • Limited amount of alcohol
  • cease smoking
  • reduce fall and trip hazards
  • adequate sleep
  • reduce stress
  • Avoiding people who are sick and infectious.
29
Q

How is the Ages Care System in Australia managed?

A

A single entry point: myagedcare website.

30
Q

When was myagedcare established?

A

2013

31
Q

What happens when a person first contacts myagedcare?

A

Contact centre:

  • registration
  • screening
  • referral
32
Q

What happens when you are referred for assessment by myagedcare?

A

Referred to Regional Assessment Service (RAS) or Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT) for more complex cases.

33
Q

What is the function of the Regional Assessment Service?

A
  • -To keep people at home.
  • Assessment in the community setting only.
  • No powers or delegating authority.
  • Entry level support (transport, referral to pharmacist, OT)
  • Funded by the Commonwealth Home Support Program
34
Q

What is the function of the Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT) ?

A
  • Has powers allocated by the Aged Care Act.
  • Assess, allocate service based on care needs.
  • Home Care Packages
  • Permanent or respite places in residential aged care
  • Referral transition care following acute care episode.
  • Members are multidisciplinary.
35
Q

The Australian Government provides 3/4 of all funding towards aged care service.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

36
Q

What is The Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission ?

A

Regulates all service providers to ensure they meet standards.

37
Q

How many standards are there for the Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission?

A

8

38
Q

When did the new Aged Care Quality Standards become effective?

A

July 1st 2019

39
Q

What is Aged Care Quality Standard ONE?

A

Consumer outcome. I am treated with dignity and respect, and can maintain my identity. I can make informed choices about my care and services, and live the life I choose.

40
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard TWO is:

A

Ongoing assessment and planning with consumers. I am a partner in ongoing assessment and planning that helps me get the care and services I need for my health and well-being.

41
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard THREE is:

A

Personal care and clinical care. I get personal care, clinical care, or both personal care and clinical care, that is safe and right for me.

42
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard FOUR is:

A

Services and supports for daily living. I get the services and supports for daily living that are important for my health and well-being and that enable me to do the things I want to do. The organisation provides safe and effective services and supports for daily living that optimise the consumer’s independence, health, well-being and quality of life.

43
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard FIVE is:

A

Organisation’s service environment. I feel I belong and I am safe and comfortable in the organisation’s service environment. The organisation provides a safe and comfortable service environment that promotes the consumer’s independence, function and enjoyment.

44
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard SIX is:

A

Feedback and complaints. I feel safe and am encouraged and supported to give feedback and make complaints. I am engaged in processes to address my feedback and complaints, and appropriate action is taken.

45
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard SEVEN is:

A

Human resources. I get quality care and services when I need them from people who are knowledgeable, capable and caring. The organisation has a workforce that is sufficient, and is skilled and qualified, to provide safe, respectful and quality care and services.

46
Q

Aged Care Quality Standard EIGHT is:

A

Organisational governance. I am confident the organisation is well run. I can partner in improving the delivery of care and services. The organisation’s governing body is accountable for the delivery of safe and quality care and services.

47
Q

Who can access the myagedcare website?

A

Any person can make a referral for aged care assessment.

48
Q

The Commission draws its power from which Act?

A

Aged Care Act 1997

49
Q

COMMUNICATION

What are four steps that can help you interact with older people from diverse groups?

A

RECOGNITION: acknowledging people by their preferred name or title (some people like to be called aunty, uncle, grandma, etc and ensuring you are referring to a person by the correct pronoun such as he, she, they)

NEGOTIATION: always ask for preferences, choices and needs, even when there isn’t a shared language or the person has an impaired cognition. COLLABORATION: seeking out support from interpreters or organisations like Aboriginal Medical Service (AMS) or SCARF refugee support.

VALIDATION: acknowledging feelings and emotions and having a sympathetic presence; recognising emotion is individual and may be different to how you express emotion and creating a safe space for them to share thoughts and feelings.

50
Q

What is a Advance Care Plan?

A

A way for a person’s goals, values, beliefs and preferences to be documented and heard by their family, friends and health practitioners. An Advance Care Plan is a way for wishes to still be carried out should a person no longer be able to make decisions for themselves. A substitute decision-maker is chosen by the patient.

51
Q

What should people do with their Advance Care Plan?

A
  • Choose a substitute decision-maker
  • Talk about values, beliefs and preferences with the substitute decision-maker and other people involved in care such as family, friends, carers and doctors.
  • Write out preferences and/or appoint the substitute decision-maker using the recommended Advance Care Directive document(s).
  • Share the Advance Care Directive documentation with substitute decision-maker, family, friends, carers and doctors. This will help ensure everyone knows what is wanted.
  • Upload completed documents to My Health Record.
  • Review regularly
52
Q
A

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