Module 2 Questions

Question 1

Who determined that DNA for yeast consisted of an equal amount of purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 1

Chargaff

Question 2

Who demonstrated the phenomenon of transformation, but did not identify the transforming principle?

Answer 2

Griffeth

Question 3

Who was the first person to isolate DNA?

Answer 3

Miescher

Question 4

Who published the structure of DNA?

Answer 4

Watson and Crick

Question 5

Who discovered the helical structure of DNA?

Answer 5

Franklin

Question 6

Who identified DNA as the genetic material in bacteriophages?

Answer 6

Hershey and Chase

Question 7

Who determined that DNA replication is semiconservative?

Answer 7

Meselson and Stahl

Question 8

Who identified DNA as the transforming principle?

Answer 8

Avery, McCarty and MacLeod

Question 9

The bases directly across from one another in the DNA molecule are ____

Answer 9

Complementary

Question 10

During gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments migrate towards the ____ pole

Answer 10

Positive

Question 11

Which of the following are characteristics of histones?

Answer 11

-Bind to negatively charged DNA, highly conserved
-Eight histones
-147 bp of DNA are required to form the nucleosome core particle

Question 12

Which of the following are characteristics of heterochromatin?

Answer 12

-Contains few genes
-Seen in barr bodies
-Usually contains condensed chromatin

Question 13

In humans, telomerase activity is most likely to be found in which cells?

Answer 13

Germ cells

Question 14

What type of synthesis occurs on the leading strand?

Answer 14

Continuous

Question 15

Which of the following are required for transcription?

Answer 15

-Promoter
-Polymerase
-Ribonucleotides
-DNA template

Question 16

What component/protein/subunit is sometimes required for proper termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Answer 16

rho

Question 17

What component/protein/subunit is present in the holoenzyme but is not present in the core enzyme in prokaryotes?

Answer 17

sigma

Question 18

In eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase(s) transcribes the genes that encode ribosomal RNAs?

Answer 18

-RNA Polymerase III
-RNA Polymerase I

Question 19

Which of the following is the main force stabilizing the DNA double helix?

Answer 19

Hydrophobic Interactions

Question 20

During gel electrophoresis, the ____ DNA fragments migrate the fastest

Answer 20

Shortest

Question 21

Telomeres exist to help with the ____ of the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 21

Replication

Question 22

In DNA replication, what is the function of DNA ligase?

Answer 22

To connect Okazaki fragments by sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 23

Which of the following enzyme or enzymes do aid in unwinding of DNA for replication?

Answer 23

-Single-stranded binding proteins
-Gyrase
-Helicase

Question 24

A transcription unit typically includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 24

An origin of replication

Question 25

In eukaryotic cells, where does the basal transcription apparatus bind?

Answer 25

Core promoter

Question 26

As DNA is heated, UV absorption ____

Answer 26

Increases

Question 27

As DNA is heated, DNA ____

Answer 27

Denatures

Question 28

In DNA replication, what is the function of primase?

Answer 28

To create a short RNA primer for the DNA polymerase

Question 29

In eukaryotic DNA replication, what is the role of licensing factor?

Answer 29

To ensure all DNA is replicated only once

Question 30

In transcription, to which end of the elongating strand are nucleotides always added?

Answer 30

3'

Question 31

In eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase(s) transcribes the genes that encode proteins?

Answer 31

RNA Polymerase II

Question 32

Processing of mRNA (splicing)

Answer 32

snRNA

Question 33

Bring amino acid to ribosome

Answer 33

tRNA

Question 34

Contains codons

Answer 34

mRNA

Question 35

Used in degrading mRNA

Answer 35

siRNA

Question 36

Component of ribosomes

Answer 36

rRNA

Question 37

Which of the following statements are true of the poly(A) tail added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA?

Answer 37

-Facilitates the attachment of the ribosomes to the mRNA -Stabilizes mRNA transcripts in the cytoplasm

Question 38

The 5' cap on an mRNA is important for which of the processes listed below?

Answer 38

-Intron splicing efficiency -Stability of the mRNA molecule -Ribosomal interaction -Initiation of translation

Question 39

For a sequence of mRNA, how many reading frames are possible?

Answer 39

Three

Question 40

Which part of the tRNA does the amino acid bind to?

Answer 40

3' end

Question 41

What enzyme is responsible for joining the tRNA molecule with its amino acid?

Answer 41

Aminoacyl Synthetase

Question 42

The spliceosome is a large, ribonucleoprotein complex located in the

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

Processing of pre-mRNA to produce mature mRNA includes which of the following?

Answer 43

-Addition of the 5' 7-methyl-guanylate cap -Splicing of exons, along with removal of introns -Addition of the 3' poly-A tail

Question 44

On which molecule is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence found?

Answer 44

mRNA

Question 45

During translation, the peptide bond formation is catalyzed by

Answer 45

rRNA