MODULE 2 SKELETAL

Question 1

functions of skeletal sys

Answer 1

support, protection, blood cell form, storage, movement

Question 2

made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong.

Answer 2

Outer cortical layer:

Question 3

made up of spongy bone, which appears porous and sponge-like.

Answer 3

Inner cancellous layer:

Question 4

4 types of bones

Answer 4

flat bone - skull
irregular bones - verterbra
long bones - femur
short bones - ankle and wrist

Question 5

feature of long bones

Answer 5

Epiphysis: Knobby, enlarged regions at the end, form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons
and ligaments.
Metaphysis: Region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
Diaphysis: Elongated cylindrical shaft.

Question 6

covers the epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, and absorbs shock in movable
joints.

Answer 6

Articular cartilage - hyaline

Question 7

this bone is single, forms the forehead and roof of the orbits - eye socket

Answer 7

frontal bone

Question 8

this bone are paired and form the lateral and inferior walls of skull

Answer 8

temporal

Question 9

features of temporal bone

Answer 9

zygomatic process, external audortory meatus, mastoid process

Question 10

this is single bone, known as keystone of skull, joins the cranium and facial bones by attaching with almost every other bone in skull

Answer 10

sphenoid bone

Question 11

these bones are paired, form superior and lateral surfaces of skull

Answer 11

parietal

Question 12

this bone is single, form posterior and base of skull

Answer 12

occipital

Question 13

occiptal bone - The____ allows the spinal cord to exit the cranial cavity

Answer 13

foramen magnum

Question 14

articulate with the first bone in the neck

Answer 14

The occipital condyles

Question 15

junction bw frontal and parietal bones

Answer 15

coronal

Question 16

junction bw parietal bones

Answer 16

sagittal

Question 17

junction bw occiptal and parietal bones

Answer 17

lamboid

Question 18

junction bw temporal and parietal bones

Answer 18

squamous

Question 19

cranial vault encompasses what and is called

Answer 19

all bones - frontal, parietal, occiptal flat bones, called skullcap

Question 20

A ___is defined as a depression in a bone.

Answer 20

fossa

Question 21

name the 3 fossae of brain

Answer 21

Anterior cranial fossa
* Middle cranial fossa
* Posterior cranial fossa

Question 22

this is paired bone, upper jaw bones

Answer 22

maxillary

Question 23

paired, artucalte with frontal, form bridge of nose

Answer 23

nasal bones

Question 24

Paired
* Form the cheekbones

Answer 24

zygomatic bones - temporal process, which articulates with the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch.

Question 25

single bone and forms the lower jaw

Answer 25

mandible - 3 parts - ramus (top), and angle, and body

Question 26

The adult spine is made up of ___bones: * Vertebrae * Sacrum * Coccyx

Answer 26

26 bones, 24 vert, 1 sac, 1 cocc

Question 27

how many vert in each section

Answer 27

cervical = 7 thoracic = 12 lumbar = 5 sacrum = 5 fused coccyx = 4 fused

Question 28

three basic features of vertebra

Answer 28

body (ant) vert arch )posterior) extend to spinoud and transverse process vertabral foramen

Question 29

C1 known as ___ and C2 is ____

Answer 29

atlas, axis

Question 30

There are two features of C1 that are important for articulation with other bones: * _____ provides surface for articulation with the dens (a feature of C2). * __________ provide surfaces for articulation with the occipital condyles of the occipital bone.

Answer 30

Anterior arch Lateral masses

Question 31

The main feature of C2 is the ___, which rests within the anterior arch of C1.

Answer 31

dens

Question 32

The skull rests on top of the lateral masses of C1 via the _______. This joint allows for the ‘yes’ movement of the head. Underneath C1, the dens of C2 articulates, or attaches, with the _______. This allows for the ‘no’ movement of the head from side to side.

Answer 32

occipital condyles, anterior arch of C1

Question 33

“jelly filled donut” located between two vertebrae. It acts as a shock absorber.

Answer 33

Intervertebral Disc

Question 34

These are lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae that allow for the passage of spinal nerves.

Answer 34

Intervertebral Foramina

Question 35

true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs - numbers

Answer 35

true = pairs 1-7 9articulates directly (individually) with the sternum) false ribs = pairs 8-10 (join rib 7 to indirectly articulate with the sternum) floating = pairs 11-12 ( no articulation with the sternum)

Question 36

The shaft (rib) has a sharp inferior border which is grooved

Answer 36

(costal groove).

Question 37

The head of a typical rib articulates with the bodies of two ______, while the tubercle of the rib has a facet for articulation with the ____of one vertebra.

Answer 37

thoracic vertebrae, transverse process

Question 38

3 parts of sternum

Answer 38

Manubrium: Articulation with rib 1 * Body: Articulates with ribs 2-7 * The xiphoid process

Question 39

Connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and is formed by the: * Clavicle and * Scapula

Answer 39

pectroal girdle

Question 40

n S-shaped bone. It joins with the manubrium of the sternum medially (proximally) and the scapula laterally (distally).

Answer 40

clavicle

Question 41

Together with the ____, the coracoid process helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Answer 41

acromion

Question 42

e: The lateral surface feature of the scapula is the ____which articulates with the head of the humerus (arm bone) to contribute to the shoulder joint.

Answer 42

glenoid fossa,

Question 43

The single bone of the arm is the ____. It articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the shoulder joint, and distally with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint

Answer 43

humerus

Question 44

the ___-is laterally placed (thumb side) with reference to the forearm, and features = head, shaft, neck, distal end is wide and flat - artuclt with carpal wrist bones to form wrist joint, and STYLOID PROCESS

Answer 44

radius

Question 45

______ is medially placed reference to the forearm. It looks like a pipe wrench and has : articulates with distal end of humerus, olecranon (fits into olecranon fossa of humerus) and trochlear notch (C shaped depression which interlocks with trochlea of humerus)

Answer 45

ulna

Question 46

the wrist, has how many carpal bones, how about hand, and fingers

Answer 46

wrist has 8 carpal (short), hand has 5 metacarpal (long bones), and figners have 14 phalanges (long bones)

Question 47

which attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton, is formed by the hip (innominate) bones. The hip bone consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Answer 47

The pelvic girdle,

Question 48

this is largest bone of pelvic girdle is

Answer 48

ilium - superior protion

Question 49

: Located between the P I I Sand the ischial spine. It allows the passage of major nerves and vessels from the pelvic cavity to the posterior region of the lower limb.

Answer 49

Greater sciactic notch

Question 50

Located between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity. It permits the passage of structures from the pelvic cavity to the genital region.

Answer 50

Lesser sciatic notch:

Question 51

Deep curved depression for the articulation with the head of the femur.

Answer 51

Acetabulum:

Question 52

Large opening on the anterior and inferior aspect of each pelvic girdle for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Answer 52

Obturator foramen:

Question 53

The head of the femur articulates with the ___of the pelvic girdle forming the hip joint.

Answer 53

acetabulum

Question 54

Features present on the distal end of the femur include: * _______(these are the parts of the femur that form the knee joint with the tibia) * ____which is the articular surface on the anterior aspect of the femur and forms a groove for the patella.

Answer 54

Medial and lateral condyles , Patellar (knee cap) surface

Question 55

The __is the only weight-bearing bone of the leg

Answer 55

tibia

Question 56

The fibula does not bear or transfer any weight, however the _____ (distal tip of the fibula), provides lateral stability to the ankle joint

Answer 56

lateral malleolus

Question 57

ankle has ___ tarsal bones (short)

Answer 57

7

Question 58

foot has how many metatarsal bones - long

Answer 58

5

Question 59

how many digits or toe

Answer 59

14 phalanges - long

Question 60

– decreasing the angle between articulating bones (bending)

Answer 60

Flexion

Question 61

____– increasing the angle between articulating bones (straightening)

Answer 61

Extension

Question 62

___– movement away from the midline of the body

Answer 62

Abduction

Question 63

– movement toward the midline of the body

Answer 63

Adduction

Question 64

___occurs when the forearm rotates so the palm faces anteriorly,

Answer 64

Supination

Question 65

which occurs when the forearm rotates so the palm faces posteriorly.

Answer 65

pronation

Question 66

occurs when the ankle is twisted so the soles of the feet turn medially

Answer 66

Inversion

Question 67

which occurs when the ankle is twisted so the soles of the feet turn laterally

Answer 67

eversion

Question 68

: A continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession

Answer 68

Circumduction