MODULE 2: THE AEGEAN AND ANCIENT GREECE

Question 1

Abacus

Answer 1

square block at the top of a column capital

Question 2

Acropolis

Answer 2

the highest point of an ancient Greek city; became synonymous with that at Athens

Question 3

Attic bases

Answer 3

stepped circular bases on columns, typically used by Ionic and Corinthian columns

Question 4

Bouleuterion

Answer 4

government building in ancient Greek cities

Question 5

Canephora

Answer 5

a type of caryatid that has a basket on its head

Question 6

caryatid

Answer 6

a stone carving of a draped female figure, used as a pillar to support the entablature of a Greek or Greek-style building

Question 7

Capital

Answer 7

the decorative uppermost section of a column that sits atop the shaft

Question 8

Cella

Answer 8

the main chamber in an ancient building; in ancient Greek temples, this generally held the monumental cult statue

Question 9

Chryselephantine

Answer 9

term that describes an object made from gold and ivory

Question 10

Coffer/Coffered

Answer 10

recessed portion of a structure surrounded by a raised molding, most commonly seen in ceiling construction

Question 11

Colonnade

Answer 11

series or rows of columns

Question 12

Corbeled arch

Answer 12

an arch formed by stone or brick blocks in horizontal rows or courses that are cantilevered inward and meet at the topmost course

Question 13

Cyclopean

Answer 13

the use of uncut or roughly hewn stones used for construction

Question 14

Diphros

Answer 14

a type of Greek stool

Question 15

Engaged columns

Answer 15

rounded portion of a column attached to a wall or pier

Question 16

Entablatures

Answer 16

the part of a building above a column but below the roof that consists of three horizontal moldings: architrave, frieze and cornice

Question 17

Fluted, flute or fluting

Answer 17

vertical channelling most commonly used on column or pilaster shafts

Question 18

Frescoes

Answer 18

a type of painting on plaster that can be dry (fresco secco) or wet (buon fresco or “true” fresco)

Question 19

Frieze

Answer 19

a horizontal band, part of a building found on the entablature between the architrave and the cornice; any painted or sculptured band in a building

Question 20

Horns of consecration

Answer 20

decorative bull’s horns found in ancient Crete and Mycenae

Question 21

Key or Fret pattern

Answer 21

a “key” is a type of simple fret pattern that uses straight lines with 90 degree angles that repeat

Question 22

Klismos

Answer 22

popular type of ancient Greek chair with splayed legs with a curved crest rail and set back of 90 degrees or greater

Question 23

Metopes

Answer 23

found in the frieze of certain architectural orders, the panels between triglyphs and usually with high-relief carving

Question 24

Niello

Answer 24

black metallic alloy used as a decorative inlay technique

Question 25

Pediment

Answer 25

the triangular space at the end of a building in classic architecture, inclusive of the moldings

Question 26

Peristyle

Answer 26

a colonnade around the cella and porches in classical architecture

Question 27

Polis (plural:poleis)

Answer 27

Ancient Greek term for an independent city-state

Question 28

Stoa (plural: stoae)

Answer 28

a covered colonnaded walkway with a wall to one side

Question 29

Stylobate

Answer 29

top stop step of the platform supporting the columns in classical Greek temple

Question 30

Tholos tomb

Answer 30

beehive shaped tomb in Mycenaean architecture

Question 31

Thronos

Answer 31

ancient Greek throne chair or chair for an important citizen, often with arms

Question 32

Triglyphs

Answer 32

projecting part of a Doric frieze with three grooves, usually alternating with metopes

Question 33

Vitruvian scroll

Answer 33

a decorative type of wave pattern in which the lines spiral and curve back on themselves

Question 34

Volutes

Answer 34

a spiral, scroll-like ornament, found in Greek Ionic and Roman Corinthian capitals