MODULE 2.1

Question 1

the interdisciplinary scientific study of
the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and short term forecasting.

Answer 1

Meteorology

Question 2

are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology.

Answer 2

Meteorological Phenomena

Question 3

refers to the gases surrounding a star or
planetary body held in place by gravity.

Answer 3

Atmosphere

Question 4

COMPOSITIONOF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Answer 4

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Argon 0.09%
Carbon Dioxide 0.03%
Trace Substances 0.07%

Question 5

MOST ABUNDANT COMPONENTS

Answer 5

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Argon 0.09%

Question 6

ABUNDANT COMPONENT

Answer 6

CARBON DIOXIDE
OZONE
ATMOSPHERIC DUST
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
AIR POLLUTION
WATER VAPOR

Question 7

TRACE SUBSTANCES

Answer 7

NEON
HELIUM
METHANE
WATER VAPOR
KRYPTON
HYDROGEN
XENON

Question 8

STRUCTURE OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Answer 8

TROPOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE

Question 9

the lowest layer and closest to the Earth’s surface.
- contains approximately 75% of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
- about 99% of the total atmospheric water vapors
and aerosols are present.
0-12.18 KM THICKNESS
WEATHER ACTIVITIES
GREEN HOUSE GASSES

Answer 9

TROPOSPHERE

Question 10

is found to be the high-temperature region and the temperature decreases along with increased altitude.
6.5 degrees per km

Answer 10

TROPOSPHERE

Question 11

the outer membrane of the troposphere is the

Answer 11

tropopause

Question 12

the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
- the significance of this region is the presence of an ozone layer.
- the temperature increases along with an increase in altitude.
0 degrees
atmospheric condition is stable

Answer 12

STRATOSPHERE

Question 13

the outermost region is known

Answer 13

stratopause

Question 14

the coldest region of the Earth’s atmosphere a few weather conditions like a particular type of cloud that is polar mesospheric noctilucent clouds formed here.
also known for the destructive region for meteors.
85 degrees

Answer 14

MESOSPHERE

Question 15

the outermost region is known

Answer 15

mesopause

Question 16

LOW DENSITY OF AIR

Answer 16

TROPOSPHERE EXPANSION

Question 17

HIGH DENSITY OF AIR

Answer 17

TROPOSPHERE CONTRACTION

Question 18

the height of the thermosphere varies due to increased solar activities.
- Temperature may reach 1500°C, yet, due to the least number of atoms, the heat energy remains low.
- auroras are also seen in this sphere.
hydrogen and helium ions are present in the outer layer of this sphere
international space station
400 km - 1000 km thickness

Answer 18

THERMOSPHERE

Question 19

the outermost layer of the atmosphere that directly connects with space.
- atoms and molecules present in this region move extremely fast.
- a very thin layer of air is present in the exosphere.

Answer 19

EXOSPHERE

Question 20

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
-is the condition of the atmosphere in one
place during a short period of time.

Answer 20

Weather

Question 21

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
is the weather pattern typical for an area over a long period of time.

Answer 21

Climate

Question 22

is the ability of the atmosphere
to retain its position.
UNSTABLE , STABLE, NEUTRAL

Answer 22

Atmospheric Stability

Question 23

NEAR AT THE ATMOSPHERE
LESS DENSE
THUNDER STORM
RISING
VERTICAL MOTION OF AIR PARCEL IS ENCOURAGED

Answer 23

UNSTABLE

Question 24

SINKING
RESIST THE RISING OF AIR PARCEL
TEMPERATURE DECREASE
COLD OR HOT

Answer 24

STABLE

Question 25

AIR PARCEL MAY RISE OR SINK STAY THE SAME

Answer 25

NEUTRAL

Question 26

refers to a volume of air, large enough to contain a great number of molecules, but small enough so that energy (heat) and mass (air molecules) are nearly constant within its boundaries.

Answer 26

AIR PARCEL

Question 27

WHEN AIR PARCEL RISE IT ___________ AND ___

Answer 27

EXPAND AND COOLING

Question 28

HEN AIR PARCEL SINKING IT ___________ AND ___

Answer 28

COMPRESS OR HEAT

Question 29

no exchange of energy with the outside environment.

Answer 29

Adiabatic

Question 30

The rate of temperature decrease of the rising dry air parcel, it is usually 9.8 degrees centigrade per km. Dry condensed less when going up and latent heat of evaporation is less compared to normal lapse rate, hence temperature decrease is more with altitude.

Answer 30

DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE

Question 31

The global average tropospheric lapse rate is 6.5 K ∙ km−1 , which is stable for dry lifting. In general for a dry air parcel, the following is true. Γd = Γenv Γd < Γenv Γd > Γenv

Answer 31

DRY STABILITY

Question 32

The rate of temperature decrease of the rising humid air parcel, it is usually 4.5 degrees centigrade per km. The latent heat of evaporation is released more when air goes up, hence temperature decrease is less of rising air and creates instability.

Answer 32

MOIST ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE

Question 33

if the environmental lapse rate is less than the moist adiabatic lapse rate.

Answer 33

Absolutely Stable

Question 34

if the environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

Answer 34

Absolutely Unstable

Question 35

if the environmental lapse rate is between the moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates.

Answer 35

Conditionally Unstable

Question 36

VARIABLES INFLUENCING THE ATMPOSPHERE

Answer 36

TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY PRESSURE CLOUDINESS WINDS

Question 37

INSTRUMENTS

Answer 37

THERMOMETER HYGROMETER BAROMETER ANEMOMETER WIND VANE

Question 38

is an instrument used to measure the air temperature. The temperature can be measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Answer 38

thermometer

Question 39

When the temperature increases, the mercury increases. When the temperature decreases, the mercury in the thermometer falls.

Answer 39

thermometer

Question 40

is an instrument used to measure the humidity of the air. A common way this device works is by using the materials that attracts moisture. This material changes depending on how dehydrated it is. Also, it has two bulbs: one wet and one dry.

Answer 40

HYGROMETER

Question 41

is an instrument used to measure air pressure. Meteorologists can determine whether the air pressure is rising or falling This data can then be used to predict specific weather conditions. High pressure is an indication of good weather, while low pressure indicates stormy weather.

Answer 41

BAROMETER

Question 42

is an instrument used to measure wind speed.

Answer 42

anemometer

Question 43

is an instrument used to determine the direction from which air is moving. It is usually mounted to the highest peak on the roof.

Answer 43

WIND VANE

Question 44

are often combined into one instrument to gather information about moving air.

Answer 44

anemometer and a wind vane