Module 2.2 Vocab

Question 1

2-AG

Answer 1

Chemical that binds to cannabinoid receptors

Question 2

Acetylcholine

Answer 2

A chemical similar to an amino acid, except that it includes an N(CH3)3 group instead of an NH2 Group; a type of nitrogenous base, consisting of a fused ring structure made up of a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring

Question 3

Acetylchonlinesterase

Answer 3

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine into acetate and choline

Question 4

Amino Acids

Answer 4

Acids containing an amine group

Question 5

Amphetamine

Answer 5

A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters

Question 6

Anandamide

Answer 6

endogenous chemical that binds to cannabinoid receptors

Question 7

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 7

portion of the pituitary gland, composed of glandular tissue

Question 8

Autoreceptors

Answer 8

Receptor on a presynaptic neuron that responds to the released transmitter by inhibiting further release of it

Question 9

Cannabinoids

Answer 9

Chemicals related to D9 - THC

Question 10

Catecholamines

Answer 10

compounds that a catechol and an amine group

Question 11

Cocaine

Answer 11

A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine

Question 12

COMT

Answer 12

Enzyme that breaks down excess dopamine into inactive chemicals that cannot stimulate the dopamine receptors

Question 13

Endocrine glands

Answer 13

hormone producing glands

Question 14

Exocytosis

Answer 14

A release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft

Question 15

Gap junction

Answer 15

direct contact of one neuron with another, enabling electrical transmission

Question 16

G Protein

Answer 16

A protein coupled to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an energy-storing molecule

Question 17

Gases

Answer 17

One of the categories of neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and possibly others

Question 18

Hallucinogenic Drugs

Answer 18

Drugs that distort perception

Question 19

Hormone

Answer 19

Chemical that is secreted by cells in one part of the body and conveyed by the blood to influence other cells

Question 20

Ionotropic Effects

Answer 20

Synaptic effects that depend on the rapid opening of some kind of gate in the membrane

Question 21

Ligand-gated

Answer 21

channel that opens when a neurotransmitter attaches

Question 22

MAO

Answer 22

Enzyme that converts catecholamines and serotonin into synaptically inactive chemicals

Question 23

Metabotropic effects

Answer 23

A sequence of Metabolic reactions that produce slow and long-lasting effects a synapse

Question 24

Methylphenidate

Answer 24

Stimulant drug prescribed for ADHD that increase the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron

Question 25

Monoamines

Answer 25

Chemicals formed by a change in certain amino acids

Question 26

Neuromodulators

Answer 26

Chains of Amino Acids

Question 27

Neuropeptides

Answer 27

Chains of Amino Acids

Question 28

Neurotransmitters

Answer 28

Chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons

Question 29

Nicotine

Answer 29

A stimulant drug that stimulates certain acetlycholine receptors

Question 30

Nitric Oxide

Answer 30

A gas released by many small local neurons

Question 31

Opiate Drugs

Answer 31

Drugs derived from the opium poppy

Question 32

Oxytocin

Answer 32

Hormone released by posterior pituitary; important for sexual and parental behaviors

Question 33

Peptide Hormones

Answer 33

Hormones composed of short chains of amino acids

Question 34

Pituitary Gland

Answer 34

An endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus

Question 35

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 35

Portion of the pituitary gland, which releases hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus

Question 36

Protein Hormones

Answer 36

Hormones composed of long chains of amino acids

Question 37

Purines

Answer 37

a type of nitrogenous base, consisting of a fused ring structure made up of a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring

Question 38

Releasing Hormones

Answer 38

Portion of the pituitary gland, which releases hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus

Question 39

Reuptake

Answer 39

Reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal

Question 40

Second Messenger

Answer 40

A chemical that, when activated by a neurotransmitter, initiates communication to many areas within the neuron

Question 41

Transmitter-gated

Answer 41

Ion channel that opens temporarily when a neurotransmitter binds to it

Question 42

Transporters

Answer 42

Special membrane protein that moves the neurotransmitter back into the presynaptic neuron

Question 43

Vasopressin

Answer 43

(Antidiuretic hormone) hormone released by posterior pituitary; raises blood pressure and enables kidneys to conserve water

Question 44

Vesicles

Answer 44

Tiny nearly spherical packets filled with neurotransmitter molecules