Module 2.4 THE SELF FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Question 1

is defined as, “the scientific study of the mind and behavior, according to the American Psychological Association.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

____ is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub-fields of study such areas as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes.

Answer 2

Psychology

Question 3

Its origins can be traced back in the time of ancient
Greece like 400-500 years BC (during the period of Socrates)

Answer 3

Psychology

Question 4

It has four main goals according to Dr. Saul Mcleod:

Answer 4

to describe, to explain, to predict, and to change

Question 5

___ a behavior or cognition is the first goal of
psychology. This can enable researchers to develop general laws of human behavior.

Answer 5

Describing, TO DESCRIBE

Question 6

Once researchers have described general laws behavior, the next step is ___ how or why this trend occurs. Psychologists will propose theories which can explain a behavior

Answer 6

TO EXPLAIN

Question 7

Psychology aims to be able ____ future behavior from the findings of empirical research. If a prediction is not confirmed, then the explanation it is based on might need to be revised

Answer 7

TO PREDICT

Question 8

•Once psychology has described, explained, and made predictions about behavior, ___ or controlling a behavior can be attempted

Answer 8

TO CHANGE

Question 9

Suggested the two categories of the self: I and ME

Answer 9

WILLIAM JAMES

Question 10

Knows who s/he is (aka thinking self)
Reflects the soul/mind or the “pure ego”

Answer 10

I-Self

Question 11

Refers to the person’s personal experiences
The empirical me

Answer 11

ME-Self

Question 12

WILLIAM JAMES
(I and ME)

Sub categories

Answer 12

Material Self
Social Self
Spiritual self

Question 13

Physical characteristics + material possessions

Answer 13

Material Self

Question 14

One’s interaction with people in the society

Answer 14

Social Self

Question 15

Most intimate part that includes one’s purpose, core values, conscience and moral behavior

Answer 15

Spiritual Self

Question 16

CARL ROGERS

___ is an important aspect in understanding the self. This refers to the image of oneself and how he thinks and perceives himself.

Answer 16

Self-concept

Question 17

He defined the self as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity. The self is the center of experience.

Answer 17

Carl Rogers

Question 18

He suggests that the self develops from interaction with significant people and awareness of one’s own
characteristics and level of functioning.

Answer 18

Carl rogers

Question 19

According to him, humans are always striving for self-fulfillment and self-actualization.

Answer 19

Carl rogers

Question 20

Now, when the needs of the self are denied, severe ___ may arise.

Answer 20

anxiety

Question 21

Central to achieving self-actualization is

Answer 21

the development of self-concept

Question 22

all ideas including awareness of what one is and what one can do

Answer 22

Real Self (totoong ikaw)

Question 23

person’s conception of what one should be or what one aspires to be including one’s goals and ambitions

Answer 23

Ideal Self (gusto mong maging ikaw)

Question 24

The closer the ideal self to the real self, the more fulfilled and happy you’ve become.

Answer 24

Normal

Question 25

When the ideal self is far from the real self, the person becomes unhappy and dissatisfied

Answer 25

Neurotic

Question 26

Self-understanding also includes conceptualizing the self as

Answer 26

1) multiple or unified and (2) true or false.

Question 27

True or False There are times when we need to have different personalities based on the kinds of group that we’re in.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or False We form the different and multiple faces of ourselves in reaction to the current situations we are in, and even because of the PAST situations we have experienced

Answer 28

True

Question 29

MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED SELVES The challenge now is how to integrate all these multiple selves to be ___ and not lose the sense of self in the process.

Answer 29

unified

Question 30

TRUE or FALSE It is the task of each individual to understand and discover the self under the supervision and guidance of trusted individuals who would guide him/her in creating a comprehensible, consistent and unified theory of the self

Answer 30

True

Question 31

found that the self is composed of true self and false self.

Answer 31

Winnicott

Question 32

___ serves as the protector of true self. Its function is to hide and protect the true self [not to be hurt or abused again]. Sometimes, ____ functions to display an acceptable and impressive character in front of other people.

Answer 32

False self

Question 33

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF THE SELF

Answer 33

SIGMUND FREUD

Question 34

asserted that the human psyche (personality) is structured into three parts, namely, the id, ego, and superego.

Answer 34

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF THE SELF

Question 35

These three are not parts of the brain but are systems that have unique features and contributes to an individual’s behavior. They interact to form a whole

Answer 35

the id, ego, and superego.

Question 36

Conscious level Executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational. Operates mainly at conscious level but also at preconscious level

Answer 36

Ego

Question 37

Preconscious level Ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person's conscience. Operates mostly at preconscious level.

Answer 37

Superego

Question 38

Unconscious Level Basic impulses (sex and aggression); seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive. Operates at unconscious level

Answer 38

Id

Question 39

argued that the development of an individual can be divided into distinct stages characterized by sexual desires.

Answer 39

SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 40

As a person grows, certain areas become sources of pleasure, frustration or both

Answer 40

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 41

Are called ___ stages because each stage represents the fixation of libido (roughly translated as sexual drives or instincts) n a different area of the body.

Answer 41

Psychosexual stages

Question 42

The first stage of development where libido is centered in a baby’s mouth. It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy libido, and thus it demands. Sucking, biting, and breast-feeding

Answer 42

Oral stage

Question 43

The first stage of development where libido is centered in a baby’s mouth. It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy libido, and thus it demands. Sucking, biting, and breast-feeding

Answer 43

Oral stage

Question 44

(Approximate 0-2 years) The mouth becomes the part of the body through which gratification/pleasure is secured.

Answer 44

Oral stage

Question 45

The libido now becomes focused on the anus and the child derives great pleasure from defecating. The child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world

Answer 45

Anal stage

Question 46

(Approximate 2-3 years) The feeling of pleasure and pain derive from defecating. It covers the toilet-training period.

Answer 46

Anal Stage

Question 47

Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the genitals. The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences. This is also the stage in which the process of identification which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same sex parent is seen.

Answer 47

Phallic stage

Question 48

)Approximate 3-6 years) The child gets curios about his/her genitals and becomes attached to the parent of the opposite sex.

Answer 48

Phallic stage

Question 49

The attraction of a boy to his mother is called,

Answer 49

Oedipus Complex

Question 50

Attraction of a girl to her father.

Answer 50

Electra Complex

Question 51

No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during this stage, and sexual energy can be sublimated towards school work, hobbies and friendships

Answer 51

Latency Stage

Question 52

(Approximate 10-12 years) Sexual motivations presumably recede/subside in importance as the child becomes preoccupied with developing skills and other activities.

Answer 52

Latency Stage

Question 53

The last stage of psychosexual theory of personality development and begins in puberty. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another in our 20’s or so.

Answer 53

Genital Stage

Question 54

Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual please, rather than self-pleasure during the phallic stage

Answer 54

Genital stage

Question 55

(Approximate after puberty) The deepest feelings of pleasure presumably come from heterosexual relations

Answer 55

Genital Stage

Question 56

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Answer 56

Erik Erikson

Question 57

He was primarily concerned with how both psychological and social factors affect the development of individuals

Answer 57

Erik Erikson

Question 58

He formulated 8 major stages of development, each posing a unique developmental task and simultaneously presenting the individual with a crisis that s/he must overcome

Answer 58

Psychosocial development

Question 59

Individuals develop a healthy personality by mastering

Answer 59

“life’s outer and inner dangers.”

Question 60

“A crisis is not a threat of catastrophe but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential.”

Answer 60

Erik Erikson