Module 25 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Physical weathering?
mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals
Examples of physical weathering?
freeze/thaw
roots
Chemical weathering?
breakdown via chemical reactions and dissolution of chemical elements
Examples of chemical weathering?
acid rain (carbonic and sulfuric acid)
Erosion?
Physical removal of rocks
Ecosystem services provided by soil?
filters water
habitat
medium for plant growth
recycles nutrients
Parent material?
Underlying rock that composes inorganic parts of the soil
Soil degradation?
soils loss of ability to support plant growth
Horizon layers from top to bottom?
O- organic A- topsoil E- leaching metals and nutrients B- accumulation of metals and nutrients C- similar to parent material D- parent material
ideal pH?
6-7
How to amend low pH?
Lime
Soil acids (bad cations)?
Al 3+
H +
Fe 3+
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)?
Sum of all cations
% Base Saturation?
good ions/ total ions
Ecosystem services by organisms?
cycle nutrients
aeration
break down toxic material
cleanse water
Soil conservation strategies?
cover crops
crop rotation
legumes for nitrogen fixation
organic fertilizer
How to amend low water holding capacity?
peat
What composes most of Earth’s crust?
Oxygen (46%)
Silicon (28%)
What are ores?
Minerals
Types of mining?
strip mining open pit mining Mountain-top removal Placer subsurface
What is overburden?
All soil that is not the desired mineral
What is tailing?
undesired rocks from refinement
What is slag?
glassy rock formed after heating ore
Trapper Mine, CO is an example of what?
Effects of legislation requiring the restoration of physical, chemical, and biological properties
