Module 2A

Question 1

what are the factors that influence the survival of living organisms

Answer 1

abiotic factors
water, fire, wind, gas, pH, salts

Question 2

protein producing factories of cells

Answer 2

ribosomes

Question 2

what is the barrier between the living cell and the outside environment

Answer 2

cell membrane

Question 2

what is the key characteristic of life

Answer 2

having cellular structure

Question 3

what are the 3 things that cell contains

Answer 3

DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes

Question 4

what are the 2 chemically related substances in which hereditary info is coded

Answer 4

DNA and RNA

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE 4 GENETIC LETTERS IN DNA

Answer 5

A T G C
Adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine

Question 6

what is the mean to store genetic info

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

what replaces thymine(T) in RNA

Answer 7

Uracil (U)

Question 8

who have cell wall

Answer 8

plants and fungi

Question 9

what is the blueprint of life

Answer 9

DNA in the cells of all living things

Question 10

how does new things evolve

Answer 10

by changes in DNA

Question 11

sharing a common ancestor is _______- of life

Answer 11

UNITY

Question 12

_______ of life is the phylogenetic(EVOLUTIONARY) RELATIONSHIP OF THE organisms

Answer 12

tree

Question 13

how does biological evolution occurs and what are the reasons behind it?

Answer 13

MUTATIONS
sequence of DNA molecules can 1.change by mistake in DNA replication
2. effects of environmental agents

Question 14

how does life adapts

Answer 14

through EVOLUTION

Question 15

WHAT IS THE REASON BEHIND POSSIBILITY OF EVOLUTION

Answer 15

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION

Question 16

HOW DOES POPULATION CHANGE OVER THE COURSE OF MANY GENERATIONS

Answer 16

BECAUSE EVOLUTION HAPPENS IN POPULATION RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS

Question 17

WHAT CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ARE CHANGED DURING EVOLUTION

Answer 17

PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
BEHAVIOURAL

Question 18

BENEFITS OF EVOLUTION?

Answer 18

IT PROMOTES SURVIVAL RATE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS

Question 19

DEFINE POLYMORPHISM
GIVE EXAMPLE

Answer 19

MORPHS OF A SINGLE SPECIES
EX. Dalmatian wall lizard, several colour morphs in males

Question 20

how are cells produced

Answer 20

by division of pre existing cells

Question 21

what is the chemical unity of cells

Answer 21

cells having basically the same chemical composition

Question 22

_______% of the body mass of plants and _____% of the body mass of mammals are composed of water

Answer 22

80-90% plants
50-60% of mammals

Question 23

what are the 4 vital elements that comprise the bodies of organisms

Answer 23

oxygen hydrogen carbon nitrogen

Question 24

_______ is the vital element in all proteins

Answer 24

nitrogen

Question 25

name the vital elements that comprise of the 2% of body mass

Answer 25

calcium phosphorus chlorine sodium potassium magnesium sulphur

Question 26

______ and _______ are the components of skeletons and shells of animals

Answer 26

calcium (Ca) phosphorus (p)

Question 27

WHICH VITAL ELEMENT IS VERY IMP FOR ACTION POTENTIAL, NERVE STIMULI

Answer 27

SODIUM

Question 28

WHICH VITAL ELEMENTS ARE THE KEY REGULATORS OF WATER MOVEMENT AND ELECTRICAL CURRENT ACROSS THE SURFACE OF MANY CELLS

Answer 28

SODIUM POTASSIUM

Question 29

All living organisms require __________ elements which compromise of <0,01% of body mass

Answer 29

trace elements

Question 30

name some trace elements

Answer 30

chromium cobalt copper fluorine iodine iron manganese selenium

Question 31

which trace element is useful for animals like bear and toxic for plants

Answer 31

aluminium in bears-possible co factor for chemical reactions in animals, toxic in plants

Question 32

______ contain nitrogen atom In their structure

Answer 32

proteins and nucleic acids

Question 33

________ are the highly specialized micro mules in living organisms, name them

Answer 33

biomolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 34

which is the most abundant macromolecule

Answer 34

proteins

Question 35

_______ are not found in inanimate matter, if yes only 1-2 not all together. give example

Answer 35

BIOMOLECULES ex virus have protein coat and nucleic acids

Question 36

what is the building block of complex organisms

Answer 36

CELLS

Question 37

________ of life is levels of biological organization

Answer 37

hierarchy

Question 38

what is hierarchy of life

Answer 38

atoms and elements molecules and macromolecules cells tissues organ organ system organism species population community ecosystem biosphere

Question 39

define population

Answer 39

localized group of individuals of the SAME SPECIES that can interbred and produce fertile offspring

Question 40

DEFINE COMMUNITY

Answer 40

all organism (assemblage of populations of diff species) that live in a particular area

Question 41

define ecosystem

Answer 41

all organisms in a specific area as well as the abiotic factors can have one or more community+ physical environment

Question 42

define biosphere

Answer 42

the sum of all ecosystems

Question 43

on what basis can all forms of life be divides

Answer 43

bases on their cellular structure i.e. multicellular-unicellular

Question 44

OUT OF ALL THE R.O ORGANISMS WHICH ONE ARE UNICELLULAR?

Answer 44

YOGHURT BACTERIUM(bifidobacteria) DEAD SEA BACTERIUM(halo bacteria) green alga amoeba paramecium

Question 45

what is the cellular structure of green alga give examples?

Answer 45

can be either unicellular or multicellular unicellular- micrasterias, green alga, volvox multicellular- common filamentous alga, brown alga( ficus)

Question 46

which is the smallest known bacteria

Answer 46

mycoplasma genitalium 10e-7 mm

Question 47

protists are _____ than bacteria in size?

Answer 47

larger 0.8-100's µm some as large as 2000 µm= 2mm

Question 48

most bacteria are _____ in diameter and ______ in length

Answer 48

0.2µm diameter 2-8 µm length

Question 49

what is the smallest known virus?

Answer 49

porcine circovirus Type 1

Question 50

what is the length of most plants and animals?

Answer 50

ANIMAL: 5-30µm PLANT: 10-100µm

Question 51

WHAY ARE UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS SMALL IN SIZE?

Answer 51

due to surface area to volume ratio

Question 52

typically the best cell shape is ? give example

Answer 52

circular ex- Staphylococcus aureus

Question 53

how come bigger cell size affects the cell requirements in a decreasing way?

Answer 53

as cell size increases, their is a point when plasma membrane/cell membrane can not pass enough materials across it to meet the needs of increased cytoplasmic value

Question 54

what is the benefit of having cell to cell interaction?

Answer 54

better diffusion

Question 55

what cell elongations are seen in paramecium, amoeba and euglena

Answer 55

paramecium- cilia amoeba- pseudopod euglena- flagellum

Question 56

what bacteria is an exception with respect to size?

Answer 56

sulphur proteo- bacterium 750µm in diameter

Question 57

micrasterias is an example of _______

Answer 57

protists, green alga

Question 58

give an exception