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HISTOLOGY : MODULE 2B > MODULE 2B : NEUROHISTOLOGY > Flashcards

MODULE 2B : NEUROHISTOLOGY Flashcards

(76 cards)

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0
Q

To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed

A

INTEGRATION

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1
Q

Fast acting control system which responds to internal and external change

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

Response to integrated stimuli. The response activates muscles or glands

A

MOTOR OUTPUT

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3
Q

Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system

A

SENSORY (AFFERENT) DIVISION

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4
Q

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system

A

MOTOR (EFFERENT) DIVISION

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5
Q

Branch of efferent division which is involved in voluntary reponse

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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6
Q

Branch of efferent division which acts on involuntary responses

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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7
Q

Functional and structural unit of the nervous system

A

NERVE CELL

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8
Q

Also known as the soma. Trophic and genetic center of a neuron

A

CELL BODY

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9
Q

Characteristics of Cell body

A

NUCLEUS : spherical, large, pale, centrally located
(“Fish Eye” appearance)
CYTOPLASM : basophilic (Nissl’s granules)

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10
Q

Causes the basophilic staining of the cytoplasm if cell bodies of neurons due to the abundance of reticulum and ribosomes

A

NISSL’S GRANULES

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11
Q

Short cytoplasmic processes that are specialized in receiving stimuli

A

DENDRITES

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12
Q

Sites of synaptic contact in dendrites

A

GEMMULES

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13
Q

Also known as the axis cylinder

A

AXON

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14
Q

It is a long cytoplasmic process that is specialized in conduction of action potentials

A

AXON

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15
Q

True or False : Axons does not have Nissl’s Granules

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Part of the perikaryon that leads directly into the axonal process

A

AXON HILLOCK

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17
Q

Part of the myelinated axon between the apex of the axon hillock and the beginning of the myelin sheath

A

INITIAL SEGMENT

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18
Q

Main trunk of the axon, excluding the initial segment

A

AXON PROPER

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19
Q

Also known as terminal telodendroglia which makes a synaptic contact

A

TERMINAL ARBIRIZATION

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20
Q

Also known as the terminal boutonw. Forms part of a synapse, the pre-synaptic membrane

A

TERMINAL END BULB

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21
Q

Immediate covering of the axon

A

MYELIN SHEATH

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22
Q

Sheath of Schwann Cells

A

NEUROLEMMAL SHEATH

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23
Q

Sheath of Key and Retzius. Outermost covering

A

HENLE’S SHEATH

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24
Component of neurolemmal sheath
SCHWANN CELLS
25
Type of neuron which begin in the embryo as bipolar cells which are later fused to form a single T-shaped process
PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR
26
Type of neurons which has a single process
UNIPOLAR
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Type of neuron which has more than two process
MULTIPOLAR
28
Type of neuron which serves as a linkage between afferent and efferent neurons
ASSOCIATION NEURON
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Type of Neuron which has a long axon and large soma
GOLGI TYPE I
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Type of neuron which has a short axon and small soma
GOLGI TYPE II
31
Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
CHOLINERGIC NEURON
32
Sympathetic postganglionic neuron
ADRENERGIC NEURON
33
Supporting cells of the nervous system
NEUROGLIA
34
Neuroglial cells of the CNS
ASTROCYTES OLIGODENDROCYTES EPENDYMAL CELLS
35
Neuroglial cells of the PNS
SCHWANN CELLS | SATELLITES CELLS
36
Important supportive cells of the CNS. They have abundant processes which make connections to other tissues
ASTROCYTES
37
Form and maintain the. Myelin sheath in the CNS
OLIGODENDROCYTES
38
Astrocytes found in the grey matter
PROTOPLASMIC ASTROCYTES
39
Astrocytes found in white matter
FIBROUS ASTROCYTES
40
Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
EPENDYMAL CELLS
41
Also known as neurolemma
SCHWANN CELLS
42
Capable of secreting myelin sheath in the PNS
SCHWANN CELLS
43
Produce myelin sheath in jelly-roll like fashion
SCHWANN CELLS
44
Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon
NODES OF RANVIER
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Specialized Schwann cells found in the dorsal root ganglia and the autonomic ganglia of the PNS
SATELLITE CELLS
46
Myelinated large axons with long internodes for rapid impulse conduction
GROUP A FIBERS
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Myelinated intermediate sized axons with short internodes for moderate rate of impulse conductions
GROUP B FIBERS
48
Unmyelinated small axons for slow rate of impulse conduction
GROUP C FIBERS
49
Type of nerve fiber found in motor and some sensory fibers
GROUP A FIBERS
50
Type of nerve fiber found mainly in visceral sensory fibers
GROUP B FIBERS
51
Nerve fibers include autonomic and some sensory fibers
GROUP C FIBERS
52
Loose connective tissue surrounding the individual nerve fiber
ENDONEURIUM
53
Dense irregular connective tissue enclosing a bundle or fascicle of nerve fibers
PERINEURIUM
54
Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve
EPINEURIUM
55
Aggregation of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
GANGLION
56
Two types of ganglia
CRANIO-SPINAL GANGLIA | AUTONOMIC GANGLIA
57
Found in dorsal roots of all spinal nerves and some cranial nerves
CRANIO-SPINAL GANGLIA
58
Characteristics of cranio-spinal ganglia
SENSORY PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR NO SYNAPSE
59
Consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
AUTONOMIC GANGLIA
60
Characteristics of Autonomic ganglia
HAS SYNAPSES VICEROMOTOR MULTIPOLAR
61
Originates from T1 through L2
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
62
Neurotransmitters : Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
SYMPATHETIC DIVISON
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Originates from the brain stem and S1-S4
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
64
Terminal ganglia are at the effector organs
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
65
Portion of the terminal bouton membrane closest to the target cell
PRE-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
66
Fluid filled space that guide the neurotransmitter across the gap
SYNAPTIC CLEFTW
67
Portion of the plasma membrane of the next neuron or target cell
POST-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
68
A property of neurons which is the ability to respond to stimuli
IRRITABILITY
69
Property of neuron which is the ability to transmit an impulse
CONDUCTIVITY
70
TRUE or FALSE : the plasma membrane at rest is non-polarized
FALSE
71
True or False : impulse travel faster when fibers are non-myelinated
FALSE
72
Sequence of depolarization or impulse transmission travels along the axon away from the cell body
ORTHODROMIC SPREAD
73
Impulse travels toward the cell body
ANTIDROMIC SPREAD
74
depolarization of myelinated axons occur only at the nodes of ranvier
SALTATORY CONDUCTION
75
Cold, heat and pressure on a nerve fiber can block impulse condunction
BLOCK SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

HISTOLOGY : MODULE 2B (5 decks)

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