Module 3

Question 1

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

Answer 1

An approach to health development by the World Health Organization which attempts to reduce inequalities in health. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was developed from the social model of health and defines health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health’ (WHO 1998).

Question 2

The Ottawa Charter identifies three basic strategies

Answer 2

Enabling,
Mediating,
Advocacy.

Question 3

What is the goal of the Ottawa Charter

Answer 3

Social Justice

Question 4

Ottawa Charter action areas

Answer 4

1. Developing personal skills
2. Creating supportive environments
3. Strengthening community action
4. Reorienting health services
5. Building healthy public policy

Question 5

Multi-level health promotion

Answer 5

Upstream (primary) - Promoting and maintaining health
Midstream (secondary) - Appropriate treatment, limiting harm
Downstream (tertiary) - Rehabilitation and coping, managing illness

Question 6

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 6

Reciprocal determinism refers to people who are affected by their environment, this highlights the key link between health and place.

Question 7

Social Capital

Answer 7

a sense of trust, civic engagement, participation

and belonging

Question 8

Urban Communities

Answer 8

Positives - personal choice, more opportunities, activities

Negatives - Higher cost of living, crime, pollution

Question 9

Rural Communities

Answer 9

Positives - Social connectedness, sense of community

Negatives - Shortage of young people, qualified health staff, lack of services and activities

Question 10

The needs of rural areas

Answer 10

1. Improved access to services
2. Appropriate service and care models
3. Adequate and appropriate health workforce
4. Collaborative service planning and policy engagement with community partners
5. Strong leadership & governance

Question 11

Strategies for global health

Answer 11

1. Access to resources.
2. Human security rather than national security.
3. Reframe globalisation in terms of social obligations.
4. Regulate global market forces in a way that is people centred rather than capital driven.
5. Develop public policy based on a vision of the world that people matter and social justice is paramount.
6. Develop a global contract where industrialised countries support contemporary welfare states.

Question 12

Healthy city

Answer 12

1. Basic needs met for food, water, shelter, work and income security.
2. Clean, safe, stable, sustainable physical environment.
3. Strong non exploitative community supports.
4. Public participation in decisions.
5. Opportunities for a variety of experiences and interactions.
6. Diverse, vital and innovative economy.
7. Connectedness with cultural and biological heritage.
8. Optimum, accessible public health and treatment services.

Question 13

Health promotion

Answer 13

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health.

Question 14

Health promotion is based on the concept that

Answer 14

with control comes empowerment

Question 15

Health promotion steps

Answer 15

Assessment in context
Identify mutual goals, place-based supports
Plan in partnerships
Evaluate progress, outcomes and acceptability
Identify sustainability indicators