Module 3

Question 1

What is the dose of a drug?

Answer 1

the quantitative amount administered to, or taken by, a patient for the intended medicinal effect

Question 2

What are the uses of tablets and capsules?

Answer 2

They may be used to compound other solide dosage forms.

Question 3

What can be used when there is no liquid form available and someone cannot swallow tablets?

Answer 3

A suspension can be made

Question 4

What are the three main rules for using commercial products for compounding?

Answer 4

1. Use the simplest dosage form (uncoated > coated; don’t use a modified release form)
2. Use the least number of dosage units possible
3. Prefer to use whole number of tablets –> if there is an extra half tablet, then still dispense the extra

Question 5

What is another consideration to have when calculating?

Answer 5

Pharmacist may need to take into account the amount of inactive ingredients in the commercial tablet as well

Question 6

What are the units for the concentration for an injection?

Answer 6

Expressed as a percentage or quantity per unit volume (such as Xg/mL)

Question 7

To account for loss of powder on equipment and increased occurrence of errors, what must you do?

Answer 7

You must always calculate for 2 extra capsules.

Question 8

What is the dose of a drug?

Answer 8

the quantitative amount administered to, or taken by, a patient for the intended medicinal effect

Question 9

Single dose

Answer 9

The amount taken at one time

Question 10

The daily dose

Answer 10

amount taken in entire day

Question 11

The total dose

Answer 11

amount taken over the course of therapy

Question 12

Dosage regimen

Answer 12

The schedule of dosing

Question 13

Usual adult dose

Answer 13

the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect in adults

Question 14

Usual pediatric dose

Answer 14

the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect in children

Question 15

Usual dosage range

Answer 15

the quantitative range or amounts that would be prescribed in usual medical practice

Question 16

What is one teaspoon?

Answer 16

5mL or ℨ i

Question 17

What is one tablespoon?

Answer 17

15mL or ss fl ℥

Question 18

Are drops a definite quantity?

Answer 18

No, liquids and droppers differ greatly. Need to calibrate the dropper to determine the exact volume

Question 19

Rules for rounding drops

Answer 19

Round to nearest whole number

Question 20

Size of dose

Answer 20

quantitative amount needed to deliver the prescribed amount of drug; measured by weight, volume or dosage units

Question 21

Number of doses

Answer 21

Doses available in a specified quantity

Question 22

Total amount

Answer 22

Amount of drug or product needed to supply the prescribed dose and dosage regimen

Question 23

Total amount formula

Answer 23

Total amount = # of doses X size of dose (*Can rearrange for either variable)

Question 24

Dosage calculations are based on:

Answer 24

Age, body weight, body surface area, clinical lab test values

Question 25

What weight is the general adult dose?

Answer 25

70kg 0r 154lb individuals

Question 26

What is Clark's Rule?

Answer 26

A general rule for calculating a pediatric dose based on an adult dose

Question 27

What is the equation for Clark's rule?

Answer 27

Weight of the child (lbs) x adult dose / 150 = Dose for the child

Question 28

What patient parameters are taken for Body Surface Area dosing?

Answer 28

height and weight

Question 29

What is the formula for BSA?

Answer 29

BSA (m^2) = sq rt. (weight (kg) x height (cm) / 3600)

Question 30

What is the formula for adjusted (approximate) dose?

Answer 30

approximate dose = BSA (m^2)/ 1.73 m^2 X usual adult dose

Question 31

Average BSA

Answer 31

Average BSA for adult men: 1.9 m2 Average BSA for adult women: 1.6 m2 Average BSA for children (9 years): 1.07 m2 Average BSA for children (10 years): 1.14 m2 Average BSA for children (12-13 years): 1.33 m2

Question 32

What are the available volumes of commercially prepared infusions?

Answer 32

50mL, 100mL, 250mL, 500mL, 1000mL

Question 33

What is macrodrip and microdrip?

Answer 33

Macrodrip is standard IV and micrdrip is pediatric IV

Question 34

What is the drip rate?

Answer 34

10-15 drops/mL to 60 drops/mL

Question 35

How is IV administered?

Answer 35

Assisted by gravity (IV pole) or an electronic volumetric infusion pump

Question 36

What is continuous infusion?

Answer 36

Large volumes of fluid (250-100mL) administered into a vein uninterrupted

Question 37

What are intermittent infusions?

Answer 37

Infusions that are administered over a scheduled period (ex. over an hour, repeated every 8 hrs)

Question 38

What is IV push?

Answer 38

Rapid infusion of a medication into a vein, and is usually conducted in less than a minute

Question 39

What is reconstitution?

Answer 39

a drug mixed with a liquid (called the dilutent) before it can be administered

Question 40

What is loading dose?

Answer 40

It is a comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to start getting the effect of a drug, especially one with slow clearance, thus requiring a long period to achieve stable blood levels without a high initial dose.

Question 41

Infusion time formula

Answer 41

Infusion time = Volume of infusion (mL) / Time (min)

Question 42

Flow rate formula

Answer 42

Rate of flow (drops/min) = Volume infused (mL) x Drip set (drops/mL) / Time (min)

Question 43

Infusion rate formula

Answer 43

Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = Pt wt (kg) x Dose (mcg, mg, units/kg/min) x 60 / Drug conc. , infusion (mcg, mg, units/mL)