module 3 Flashcards
(56 cards)
what is functional movement screening?
a battery of movement tests to establish if people can achieve a minimal set of competencies to progress or carry out a specific role. could be something so common like a driving test.
what are in-phase movements?
bilateral homologous muscle groups contract synchronously e.g., diving into a pool, breast-stroke. Same movement, same muscle contracting.
what are Anti-phase movements ?
muscles contract in alternating fashion e.g., front crawl, gait
concentric muscle movement
muscle shortens during force application e.g. lifting
eccentric movement
muscle lengthens during force e.g. lowering
isometric movement.
no change in length during force application. E.g. holding
open kinetic chain skills/exercises
segments isolated. the distal segment can move freely. e.g bicep curl
open skill exercises/skills
performed in a changing environment. movements are continuously adapted according to the surrounding context. e.g football.
closed kinetic chain skills/exercises
distal and proximal segments are fixed functional. increase muscle recruitment. e.g squat, press up.
closed skill exercise.
performed in a predictable environment. movements can be planned ahead and self-paced. e.g. long jump.
what is the speed-accuracy trade-off?
aiming movements trade-off between speed and accuracy. i.e if fast accuracy drops. this can be trained.
force is generated by the contraction of muscle fibres. therefore…
If the force generated by a sarcomere is dependent upon the number of cross-linkages between actin and myosin.
- Then…magnitude of force must be related to sarcomere length
- And force measured in the muscle must be related to the total number of activated sarcomeres in the muscle… and therefore muscle length.
optimal joint angle and muscle length for biceps brachii?
joint angle - 100 degree
muscle length - 14.05cm
optimal joint angle and muscle length for brachialis?
joint angle - 100 degree
muscle length - 6.53cm
optimal joint angle and muscle length for brachioradialis ?
joint angle - 50 degree
muscle length -17.24cm
when are muscles strongest?
Muscles are strongest when tested isometrically at a joint angle where the muscle is at resting length and the moment arm is optimal.
Therefore exercise practitioners should ensure the same joint angle is used in repeat measurements. the greater the ROM of the exercise the more muscles you will use.
how does force explain movement?
F=ma. We must apply a force to move an object or mass.
when do we use work (W)
when we use force to displace a mass. W=F x s.
displacement (s).
If we have two people moving the same mass through the same distance the amount of work is the same.
what measures the rate at which we do work?
Power (P). P=W/t (watts).
Power is the ability to apply high force at a fast amount of time.
Example – sprinters want quick ground contact to have more power. Ground contact time for elite sprinters 120-160 ms Usain Bolt <100ms. They want impact peak to be one with active peak.
difference between marathon runners and sprinters.
sprinters - quick contact with the ground to have more power. whereas, runners have a longer amplitude and longer time on the ground. less force.
Marathon runners will make heel contact in front of their body.
Sprinters make foot contact underneath the body so they can land and propel at the same time. Lots of attachments which makes fatigue therefore marathons runners cannot do this as they will not be able to keep the energy up.
what is the rate of force development?
how quickly we can produce force.
Measure fixed position. Isometric mid-thigh pull.
optimal force-velocity.
Most amount of force at the given velocity. Maximal power =1/3rd Vmax and 15-30% of Fmax.
how to train power?
Stimulate many muscle fibres at one time.
2) Stimulate the nervous system by moving quickly
3) Use functional exercises.
what do you need to measure power?
- Displacement 2. Time 3. Body mass
