Module 3

Question 1

recurring decisions should be handled in a routine manner by lower-level
managers whereas problems involving unusual matters should be referred to the
higher level

Answer 1

Exception principle

Question 2

grouping of personnel according to some characteristics

Answer 2

Homogenous assignment or departmentalization

Question 3

Economize production by placing trained personnel on projects demanding
their own professional qualifications which promotes specialization Train
employees for specific jobs and don’t pull them for other work which is definitely
beyond their means, thus causing waste and inefficiency.

Answer 3

Homogenous assignment or departmentalization

Question 4

Employees should be responsible to only one superior.

Answer 4

Unity of command

Question 5

“Chain of Command” or authority flows from person to person

Answer 5

Scalar principle/ Hierarchy

Question 6

It implies one subordinate-one superior relationship. Every subordinate is
answerable and accountable to one boss at one time.

Answer 6

Unity of command

Question 7

Unity of command also helps in effective combination of resources, that is,
physical, financial resources which helps in easy co-ordination and, therefore,
effective organization.

Answer 7

Unity of command

Question 8

With a chain of authority available, wastages of resources are minimized,
communication is affected, overlapping of work is avoided and easy
organization takes place.

Answer 8

Scalar principle/ Hierarchy

Question 9

It also refers to the span of managerial responsibility and the number which one
superior can assist. A manager can effectively and efficiently handle a large number of subordinates at one time. The number of employees under him
should be decided.

Answer 9

Span of control

Question 10

A span of supervision which depicts the number of employees that can be
handled and controlled effectively by a single manager.

Answer 10

Span of control

Question 11

There are two types of span of control:-

Answer 11

Wide span of control; Narrow span of control

Question 12

It is one in which a manager can supervise and control
effectively a large group of persons at one time.

Answer 12

Wide span of control

Question 13

work and authority is divided amongst many
subordinates and a manager doesn’t supervises and control a very big group of
people under him. The manager according to a narrow span supervises a
selected number of employees at one time.

Answer 13

Narrow span of control

Question 14

Narrow span of control features are:
Work which requires
handicrafts, ivory work, etc. which requires craftsmanship, there narrow span is
Co-ordination is
Communication
Messages can be
Specialization work

Answer 14

Work which requires tight control and supervision, for example,
handicrafts, ivory work, etc. which requires craftsmanship, there narrow
span is more helpful.
Co-ordination is difficult to be achieved.
Communication gaps can come.
Messages can be distorted.
Specialization work can be achieved.

Question 15

Wide span of control features are:
Less overhead cost of supervision
Prompt
Better
Better
Better
Suitable for

Answer 15

▪ Less overhead cost of supervision
▪ Prompt response from the employees
▪ Better communication
▪ Better supervision
▪ Better co-ordination
▪ Suitable for repetitive jobs

Question 16

Factors influencing Span of Control

Answer 16

1. Managerial abilities
2. Competence of subordinates
3. Nature of work
4. Delegation of authority
5. Degree of decentralization

Question 17

✔ The process of pushing decision making to the lower levels of the organization
✔ Supervisors, unit manager, departmental managers and all divisional managers
will have sufficient authority.
✔ It is the systematic effort to delegate to the lowest level all authority except those
exercised at the central level.
✔ The centers of decision making are dispersed throughout the organization
hence, the transference of authority from higher level to lower level.

Answer 17

Decentralization or proper delegation of authority

Question 18

Drawing that shows how the parts of the organizations are link.

Answer 18

Organizational Chart

Question 19

o It depicts the formal organizational relationship, areas of responsibility and
accountability and channel of communication.
o Depicts an organization’s structure.

Answer 19

Organizational chart