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BIO-PSYCH > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the dorsal/superior section located in terms of the brain?

A

At the top - dorsal means towards the back (like a physical back), superior means “above”

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2
Q

Where is the caudal/posterior section located in terms of the brain?

A

Towards the rear end/back of the head.

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3
Q

Where is the ventral/inferior section located in terms of the brain?

A

Towards the stomach/bottom of the head (inferior, akak below another part)

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4
Q

Where is the rostral/anterior section located in terms of the brain?

A

At the front of the face.

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5
Q

What does the CNS contain?

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain?

4 things.

A

somatic NS - controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory info to CNS
autonomic - controls involuntary movement
sympathetic - expends energy
parasympathetic - conserves energy

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7
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A protuberance on the surface of the brain.

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8
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A fold or groove that separates gyri (singular, gyrus)

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9
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A long, deep sulcus.

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10
Q

What is a lamina?

A

A row or layer of cell bodies separated from other cell bodies by a layer of axons and dendrites.

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11
Q

What is a column?

A

A set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex, with similar properties

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12
Q

What are meninges?

A

Membranes that surround brain and spinal cord.

They contain pain receptors.

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13
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Carries cerebral spinal fluid within the brain.

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14
Q

What is white matter?

A

Nerve fibers; fatty myelin sheaths are white.

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15
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies.

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16
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

200 million nerve fibres that cross between hemispheres.

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17
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

On the same side.

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18
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

On the opposite side.

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19
Q

What does coronal/frontal plane mean?

A

As seen from the front.

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20
Q

What does sagittal plane mean?

A

As seen from the side.

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21
Q

What does horozontal/transverse mean?

A

As seen from above.

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22
Q

What are nuclei?

A

A group of cell bodies that form within the CNS.

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23
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

a group of cell bodies that form outside the CNS.

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24
Q

What is a tract?

A

A bundle of axons that form within the CNS.

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25
What is a nerve?
A bundle of axons that form ***outside*** of the CNS.
26
What does the forebrain contain?
Cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, limbic system
27
What does the division of the brainstem contain?
thalamus, hypothalamus, cereabellum, pons, medulla ## Footnote see also - mesencephalon, metencephalon, mylencephalon
28
What does the division of the spinal cord contain?
Cervical nerves, thoracic nerves, sacral nerves
29
What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
Maintains temperature, hunger and thirst
30
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Sensory perception and integration (the senses).
31
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual perception (colour, form, motion, etc)
32
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Muscle control, balance and movement
33
What is the brainstem responsible for?
Regulates breathing, balance, heart rate, as well as sleep cycles and consciousness.
34
What is a pre-central gyrus?
Primary motor cortex.
35
What is a post-central gyrus?
Primary somasensory cortex.
36
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
Spacial processing, navigation, long term memory formation.
37
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Long term memory, visual stimuli, speech, language recognition, automatic reactions (hunger, thirst, etc)
38
What is the pituary gland responsible for?
Controls the release of most horomones.
39
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Higher functions such as planning, reasoning, etc.
40
What does the basal nuclei/basal ganglia do?
Plays a role in voluntary movement ## Footnote if BG is affected, it can result in parkinson's, huntington's chorea, or tourette's.
41
What is the limbic system consist of? | Six F's - feeding, family, fighting, fleeing, feelings, and sexual repro
Septal area, hypothalamus, fornix, cingulate gyrus, mamilliary bodies, hippocampus, amygdala
42
What is a dermatone?
An area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal cord dorsal rod
43
What does the olfactory nerve (sensory) pertain to?
Sense of smell.
44
What does the optic nerve (sensory) pertain to?
The sense of sight.
45
What does the occulomotor nerve (motor) pertain to?
Eye coordination.
46
What does the troclear nerve (motor) pertain to?
The horizontal (up, down) movement of the eye.
47
What does the trigeminal nerve (sensory & motor) pertain to?
Pain, tempurature, bite force
48
What does the abducens (motor) nerve pertain to?
Vertical coordination (left, right) of the eye.
49
What does the facial nerve (sensory & motor) pertain to?
Plays a role in taste, facial movement
50
What does the vestibulocochlear nerve (sensory) pertain to?
hearing, facial awareness
51
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory & motor) pertain to?
taste, throat movement/sensations
52
What does the spinal accessory (motor) nerve pertain to?
Neck movements.
53
What does the hypoglossal nerve (motor) pertain to?
Tongue movements.
54
What is a lesion?
Controlled damage in lab animals.
55
What is an abaltion?
Removal of a brain area.
56
What is transeranial magnetic stimulation?
Intense magnetic stimulation which temporarily deactivates a brain area
57
What does optogenetic stimulation do?
Indicates function of a particular cell.
58
What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Medical scan that records from scalp; measures changes by miliseconds, but low resolution of the location of the signal.
59
What is a magnetoencephalography (MEG)?
Similar to an EEG (measures brain changes by milliseconds), but measures magnetic fields.
60
What is a positron emsson tomography (PET)?
Measures changes over time/location, but requires brain to be exposed to radiation.
61
What is a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (fMRI?)
A scan that measures changes over 1 second, and identifies location within 1-2 mm.
62
What is a computerized axial tomography (CAT)?
A scan that maps brains using x-rays.
63

BIO-PSYCH (3 decks)

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