module 3 Flashcards
(12 cards)
Epidemiology
The study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related events, states or processes in specified populations.
Population Health
The health outcomes of a group of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.
Absolute Poverty
Income level below which a minimum nutritionally adequate diet plus essential non-food requirements is not affordable. The amount of income a person, family, or group needs to purchase on absolute amount of the basic necessities of life.
Relative Poverty
The amount of income a person, family, or group needs to purchase a relative amount of basic necessities of life; these basic necessities are identified relative to each society and economy.
Social Determinants of Health
The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.
Years lived with disability (YLDs)
This is a measure of non-fatal health loss. It takes into account the number of people in the health state of interest (prevalence or incidence times duration) and the severity of that health state (disability weight).
Years of life lost (YLLs)
This is a measure of fatal health loss. It takes into account the number of deaths and the age at death.
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
A DALY is an integrated measure of health loss. It is the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability adjusted for severity (YLDs). One DALY represents the loss of one year of life lived in full health.
Prevalence
The proportion of a population who have the disease at a point in time.
Incidence
The occurrence of new cases of an outcome in a population during a specific period of follow-up
Incidence Proportion
The proportion of an outcome-free population that develops the outcome of interest in a specified time period.
Incidence Rate
The rate at which new cases of the outcome of interest occur in a population.
