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Health Assessment > Module 3/4 Quiz > Flashcards

Module 3/4 Quiz Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

what are the layers of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, subQ tissue

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2
Q

3 layers of epidermis?

A

melanin, carotene, vascular (everyone as all three)

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3
Q

where are sebaceous glands absent?

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

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4
Q

what is pallor?

A

white color change

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5
Q

what is erythemia?

A

red color change

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6
Q

what is jaundice?

A

yellow color change

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7
Q

what is generalized hypothermia?

A

induced due to surgery, fever, stroke, cardiac arrest

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8
Q

what is localized hypothermia?

A

immobilized extremity or IV fluid; arterial insufficiency

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9
Q

what is a primary lesion?

A

develops on previously unaltered or “normal” skin

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10
Q

what is a secondary lesion?

A

when a lesion changes over time or result from scratching; an infection

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11
Q

what are some examples of primary skin lesions?

A 
macule and patch
papule and plaque
nodule and tumor
vesicles and bulla
wheal 
pustule 
cyst
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12
Q

what are some examples of secondary skin lesions?

A 
crust
scale
licheninfection
erosion
ulcer
fissure
scar
keloid
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13
Q

what are the characteristics of macule and patch? PRIMARY

A 
flat
non palpable
discolored
macule = <1 cm
patch = >1 cm
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14
Q

what are some examples of macule and patch?

A

freckles, measles, vitiligo, petechiae

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of papule and plaque? PRIMARY

A 
elevated
solid
palpable
papules = <0.5 cm
plaque = >0.5 cm
any color
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16
Q

what are some examples of papule and plaque?

A

warts, psoriasis, actinic keratosis?

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17
Q

what are characteristics of nodule and tumor? PRIMARY

A 
elevated
solid
hard or soft palpable
nodules = 0.5-2 cm
tumors = >2 cm
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18
Q

what are some examples of nodule and tumor?

A

lipoma, carcinoma, hemangioma

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19
Q

what are some characteristics of vesicle and bulla? PRIMARY

A 
elevated
fluid-filled
round or oval
superficial
vesicle = <0.5 cm
bulla = >0.5 cm
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20
Q

what are some examples of vesicle and bulla?

A

herpes, zoster, chickenpox, blister

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21
Q

what are some characteristics of pustules? PRIMARY

A

pus filled

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22
Q

what are some examples of pustules?

A

acne, impetigo, carbuncles

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23
Q

what are some characteristics of cysts? PRIMARY

A

sebaceous cysts, epidermal cysts

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24
Q

What are some characteristics of crust? SECONDARY

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A

dry blood or pus

from burst vesicles or pustules

25
what are some examples of crust?
large crust = scabs!
26
what are some characteristics of scale? SECONDARY
shedding flakes keratinized cells flakiness
27
what are some examples of scale?
dandruff psoriasis eczema
28
what are some characteristics of lichenification? SECONDARY
rough and thickened | secondary to chronic irritation; itching
29
what are some examples of lichenification?
chronic dermatitis
30
what are some characteristics of erosion? SECONDARY
wearing away of superficial epidermis (outermost layer) moist shallow depression (no bleeding) no scar
31
what are some examples of erosion?
scratches, ruptured vesicles
32
what are some characteristics of ulcer? SECONDARY
deeper depression, loss of skin surface (bleeding) irregular shape extends into the dermis or subQ (will scar)
33
what are some examples of ulcers?
pressure ulcer, stasis ulcer
34
what are some characteristics of fissure? SECONDARY
break in skin surface | no relation to trauma
35
what are some examples of fissures?
cracks at the corners of the mouth, hands, athlete's foot
36
what are some characteristics of scars? SECONDARY
``` fibrotic change irregular are of connective tissue (surgical, injury, acne scar) atrophic scarring (straie; thinning of epidermis) ```
37
what are some characteristics of keloids? SECONDARY
elevated, irregular | darkened, benign "tumors"
38
when do keloids usually occur?
surgeries, acne, piercings, infections and burns
39
what does annular mean? what are some examples?
circular | Ex. tines corporis (ringworm)
40
what does confluent mean?
lesions that run together | Ex. urticaria (hives)
41
what does discrete mean? what are some examples?
individual lesions separate Ex. wart, skin tags, acne
42
what does grouped mean? what are some examples?
appear in clusters | Ex. purpura, poison ivy
43
what is Zosterform? what are some examples?
linear along unilateral nerve route | Ex. herpes zoster (shingles)
44
what are the types of purpuric lesions (vessel bleeding)?
contusion (bruise): mechanical injury ecchymosis: severe bruising and leakage of blood into the skin petechiae: red, purple or brown bleeding from superficial capillaries, nonblanchable, tiny hemorrhages (1-3mm) purpura: extensive patch of petechia and ecchymosis, red and nonblanchable, >3mm
45
what is diaper dermatitis?
red, moist, maculopapular patch elderly or peds patients (incontinence) infrequent diaper changes
46
what is candidiasis?
superficial fungal infection aggravated by urine, feces, and heat obese patients (breast and groin folds)
47
what are pressure injuries? what are some examples?
found over bony prominences is the result of decreased blood circulation (ischemia= cell death) found in heel, ischium, sacrum, elbow, scapula, vertebra, ankle, rib, shoulder
48
what is a stage 1 pressure ulcer?
non-blanchable erythema light skin appears pink or reddened dark skin? appears darker and also does not blanch
49
what is a stage 2 pressure ulcer?
partial-thickness skin loss loss of epidermis with exposed dermis superficial, appears like an open blister
50
what is a stage 3 pressure ulcer?
full-thickness skin loss extends into subQ tissue (resembles crater) fat, granulation tissue, rolled edges no bone, tendon or muscle visible
51
what is a stage 4 pressure ulcer?
full-thickness skin/tissue loss involves all skin layers extends to bone, tendon and muscle may have eschar (black, necrotic)
52
what is a deep tissue pressure injury?
localized nonblanchable (deep red, maroon, purple) skin may be intact dark wound or blood-filled blister common over coccyx, heels, sacrum and buttock
53
what is a pressure injury caused by a medical device?
injury caused by medical device | Ex. IV hub, cervical collar, stocking, oxygen cannula, tubing
54
what is basal cell carcinoma?
most common skin cancer usually on face, ears, scalp, shoulders small pink or red papule (large pore)
55
what is squamous cell carcinoma?
start from actinic keratinosis red and dry scaly patch usually on hands, head (baldness = high risk) less common than basal, but grows rapidly
56
what is malignant melanoma?
``` arise from pre-existing moles brown or mixed pigment irregular and notched borders RF: tanning, aging, family history men? trunk and back women? legs and feet ```
57
what is the hair assessment?
inspection and palpation of the color, texture, distribution (alopecia) ask about lesions, skin breakdown, separation of hair, loss of hair
58
what is the nail assessment?
inspection and palpation of the shape and contour, consistency, and color REMEMBER= capillary refill, smooth surface, slightly curved and flat note any irregularities!

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