Module 3 Flashcards by Kristin Godsey

basic unit of glandular tissue

alveoli

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milk-secreting unit

alveolus

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cells that surround alveolus and contract to milk eject

myoepithelial cells

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collection of one primary duct and its ductules/aveoli. 15-20 per breast.

lobe

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where 10-15 ducts congregate

nipple

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growth of nipples causing them to be more erect during pregnancy is caused by serum ________

prolactin

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diameter of areola increased by ___%

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lobes, lobules, and alveoli increase in size due to:

progesterone

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ductules proliferate and differentiate due to:

estrogen

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prolactin stimulation of mammary secretory epithelial cells to produce milk after ____ weeks gestation

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occurs when prolactin stimulates mammary secretory epithelial cells to produce milk and alveoli become distended and milk droplets move to ductules

Lactogenesis Stage I

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occurs on day 2-8 postpartum as a result of placenta delivery in which the breasts produce copious amounts of milk (delays may be caused by disruption of hormone cascade)

Lactogenesis Stage II

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hormone released from posterior pituitary by newborn suckling that:
Causes uterine contractions
Causes contraction of myoepithelial cells to eject milk from alveoli into ducts
Results in a feeling of calm

oxytocin

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oxytocin is released by the:

posterior pituitary

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Maternal ________ reduces oxytocin release

stress

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hormone released from anterior pituitary gland that causes milk synthesis

prolactin

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hormone that is inhibited by progesterone, estrogen, and dopamine

prolactin

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With milk removal, hypothalamus inhibits ________

dopamine

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Nipple stimulation doubles plasma concentration of:

prolactin

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Greater than 8 feedings/24 hrs prevents ___________ decline

prolactin

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prolactin levels are higher at _____time

night

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The Maintenance of Milk Supply that is completely baby driven (autocrine) NOT hormone driven (endocrine)

Galactopoesis

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Rate of milk synthesis mL/hr

17-33 mL/hour

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slower milk synthesis rates will occur when breasts are _______

full

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Breastmilk is ____% water

87.5%

Breastmilk has Vitamins ___ ____ ____

A, C, E

Breastmilk has ____ protein

whey

Breastmilk has these immunoglobulins

SIgA, IgM, IgG

component of breastmilk that inhibits the adhesion of e.coli to cells

lactoferrin

bactericidal and anti-inflammatory component of breastmilk that increases in concentration after 6 months old

lysozome

components of breastmilk that help with muscle and protein building

taurine, casein

components of breastmilk that digest bacteria

prostaglandins and cytokines

primary dietary source of calories in breastmilk

fats

long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids aid in _______ ability in baby

cognitive

free-fatty acids in breastmilk are anti-________

infective

Vitamin responsbile for Central Nervous System development in baby so vegan diet may result in breastmilk deficiency

B12

Vitamin in breastmilk but it takes several days for gut promotes normal colonization to synthesize it

Vitamin K

________ is 5x more absorbable in breastmilk than in formula

Iron

amount of antibodies in the breastmilk is _______-dependent

dose

pathways that result in mom producing antibodies in breastmilk that will protect from certain pathogens that she or baby comes into contact with

lymphocyte

has a greater concentration of protein and IgA than breastmilk

colostrum

colostrum production rate in 1st 24 hours

37 mL/hr (7 mL/feeding)

the most important antibody that protects baby from respiratory and GI illnesses

SIgA

this hormone will rapidly decrease if the breasts are not stimulated by suckling

prolactin

nutrient that is higher in concentration in colostrum than in mature milk

protein

management of nipple pain can be eased by:

breastfeeding on least sore side first

breastfeeding mothers should supplement ____-____ ug of iodine daily

150-250

breastmilk stored in separate-door freezer should be used:

ASAP to maintain nourishment

BFing mothers with a vegan diet should supplement dietary Vitamins ____, ____, ____

B12, Vit. D, Iron

the most influential person on African American mother's choice to breastfeed

maternal GM

``` Factors that influence ______________: culture ethnicity education family economic status advertising support ```

mother's choice to breastfeed

AAP breastfeeding recommendations

1 year; exclusive x 6 months, add solids @ 6 months

WHO breastfeeding recommendations

2 years; exclusive x 6 months, add solids @ 6 months

Risks of ___________: possible contamination during manufacturing/preparing not enough money incorrect preparation

formula feeding

``` Risks of ____________: osteoporosis premenopausal breast cancer ovarian cancer liklihood of closely-spaced pregnancies Type II DM ```

not breastfeeding for mother

1a. Comply fully with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly resolutions. 1b. Have a written infant feeding policy that is routinely communicated to staff and parents. 1c. Establish ongoing monitoring and data-management systems. 2. Ensure that staff have sufficient knowledge, competence and skills to support breastfeeding. Key clinical practices: 3. Discuss the importance and management of breastfeeding with pregnant women and their families. 4. Facilitate immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact and support mothers to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth. 5. Support mothers to initiate and maintain breastfeeding and manage common difficulties. 6. Do not provide breastfed newborns any food or fluids other than breast milk, unless medically indicated. 7. Enable mothers and their infants to remain together and to practise rooming-in 24 hours a day. 8. Support mothers to recognize and respond to their infants’ cues for feeding. 9. Counsel mothers on the use and risks of feeding bottles, teats and pacifiers. 10. Coordinate discharge so that parents and their infants have timely access to ongoing support and care.

Ten Steps for Baby-Friendly Hospital Status

milk removal must occur by day ___ after birth to establish successful lactation

by day 5, babies will intake ___-___ mL breastmilk per day

500-800

severe engorgement symptoms

baby unable to latch | mild fever

``` ____________ treatment: massage heat compress warm bath no wire bra, well fitted cotton bras lecithin ```

plugged duct

antineoplastic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, amiodarone, lithium

drugs that cannot be taken while breastfeeding

drugs with molecular weight >___________ can not enter the milkd

1000 daltons

HIV positive mothers __________ breastfeed

should not

breast growth and development

mammogenesis

hormones that contribute to duct and glandular development

estrogen and progesterone