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Biology S2 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is blood composed of

A

different types of cells floating in a liquid called plasma

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2
Q

What dose blood contain

A

Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and smaller particles called
platelets

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3
Q

What do red blood cells do

A

Red Blood Cells transport oxygen and contain the pigment haemoglobin

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4
Q

What are white blood cells apart of

A

The immune system

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5
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

White Blood Cells destroy bacteria and foreign particles eg. viruses

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6
Q

What are the main types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes and

lymphocytes.

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7
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing bacteria

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8
Q

What do lymphocytes produce

A

Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses

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9
Q

What are antibodies coplamenty to

A

Antibodies have specific complementary binding sites for only one type of
foreign particle eg. virus

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10
Q

How do vaccines work

A

Vaccines allow a dead or altered form of the foreign particle to be introduced
into the body so the immune system recognises it on exposure.

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11
Q

What do platelets do

A

Platelets help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding.

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12
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.

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13
Q

What is the heart made of

A

The heart is made of cardiac muscle and pumps continuously

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14
Q

What are the hearts 4 chambers

A

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle

and left ventricle.

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15
Q

What can a pulse indicate

A

Pulse can be a health indicator

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16
Q

Who can have a lower resting heart rate

A

A fitter person

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17
Q

What is a high pulse rate

A

A very high pulse rate is unhealthy & can lead to heart disease or stroke

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18
Q

What are lo tech methods for taking a pulse rate

A

A stop watch and fingertips or stethoscope can be used as a low-tech method
of measuring pulse rate

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19
Q

What are high tech methods for taking pulse rate

A

A pulsometer or heart rate monitor linked to a computer can be used as a high-
tech method of measuring pulse rate

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20
Q

What takes blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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21
Q

What carry’s blood back to the heart

A

Veins

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22
Q

What do veins contain

A

Veins contain valves which prevent backflow of blood.

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23
Q

What are capillaries

A

Capillaries are small vessels which form a network between arteries and veins

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24
Q

What is oxygenated blood rich in

A

Oxygen

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25
What is deoxygenated blood rich in
Carbon dioxide
26
What are the four major blood vessels from the heart
aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and vena cava
27
What dose the aorta do
The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
28
What dose the vena cava do
The vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
29
What dose the pulmonary artery do
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.
30
What dose the pulmonary vein do
The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
31
Why is the muscular wall thicker on the left than the right on your hard
The muscular wall of the left-hand side of the heart is thicker than the right- hand side since it has to pump blood all round the body, whereas the right- hand side only has to pump it as far as the lungs.
32
What dose the coronary artery supply the muscular wall with
The coronary artery supplies the muscular wall of the heart with oxygenated blood.
33
What is blood pressure
When the heart contracts and pumps blood into arteries under pressure, this pressure is called blood pressure
34
How can blood pressure be measured
Blood pressure can be measured using either a stethoscope & mercury manometer or a digital sphygmomanometer
35
What is systolic pressure
Systolic pressure occurs when the heart beats & pumps blood into the arteries giving an average reading of 120 mmHg
36
What is diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure occurs between beats when the heart relaxes & fills with blood giving an average reading of 80 mmHg
37
What is the average blood pressure for an adult
The average blood pressure in an adult is 120/80 mmHg
38
What is classes as high blood pressure
Blood pressure greater than 160/90mmHg indicates high blood pressure
39
What is high blood pressure caused by
being overweight; lack of exercise; incorrect diet (fat, salt); drinking alcohol excessively; stress
40
What can high blood pressure cause
High blood pressure can cause heart attack and stroke
41
What can low pressure cause
Low blood pressure can cause fainting and heart failure
42
Why do lungs inflate and deflate
Lungs inflate to take air into the body & deflate to remove air from body
43
What do windpipes do
Windpipe allows air to flow from the mouth or nose towards the lungs
44
What are the bronchi
Bronchi are the 2 branches which join the windpipe to the lungs
45
What are the Bronchioles
Bronchioles are branches from the bronchi which lead to the air sacs
46
What do air sacs do
Air sacs allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood & carbon dioxide to pass from the blood to the lungs
47
What do rib shields do
Ribs shield or protect the lungs from damage
48
What are the air sac like
Arc sac is thin walled & surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)
49
What is a breathing rate
Breathing rate is the number of breaths you take in one minute
50
What dose a breathing rate accord to
Breathing rate will alter according to your level of activity
51
What makes each persons breathing rate
Breathing rate is different between individuals depending on their age, sex, fitness and state of health
52
What dose exercise do
Exercise results in faster, deeper breathing to get more oxygen to muscles & get rid of waste carbon dioxide
53
What is required to get ur deep breathing back to normal
Recovery time is the time required after exercise for rate & depth of breathing to return to normal
54
What dose a short recovery time indicate
Fitness
55
How can the efficiency of the lungs be measured
The efficiency of the lungs can be measured using tidal volume, vital capacity and peak flow
56
What is tidal volume
The tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath
57
What do tidal volumes vary
Tidal volume varies depending on body size, age, sex & level of fitness
58
Wha is vital capacity
Vital capacity is a measure of the maximum volume of air that a person can breathe out after having taken in as deep a breath as possible
59
What dose vital capacity vary in
body size, age, sex and fitness
60
What is peak flow
Peak flow is the maximum rate that you can blow air out of your lungs and is measured using a peak flow meter
61
What is asthma
Asthma is a respiratory condition in which the air passages (bronchioles) become narrower making breathing difficult causing wheezing

Biology S2 (3 decks)

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