Module 3: Health Aging

Question 1

What term describes the following:

A process of developing, maintaining, and improving functional abilities, independence, quality of life, and transitions

Answer 1

Healthy aging

Question 2

What term describes the following:

An older adults ability to participate in social roles including employment, civic engagement, education, health management and long-term care services. It emphasizes the inclusion of older adults in social and economic activities to enhance aging outcomes

Answer 2

Productive aging

Question 3

What term describes the following:

A low probability of disease and disease related disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life. Includes spiritual, financial, environmental, social and psychological and how this combination impacts their live

Answer 3

Successful aging

Question 4

What term describes the following:

The non medical factors that influence health outcomes. Including education, working life conditions, income and social protection, access to affordable health services, social inclusion and non discrimination, food insecurity

Answer 4

Social determinants of health

Question 5

What are the 3 theories of aging?

Answer 5

• Biological
• Psychological
• Sociological -

Question 6

What is lifestyle redesign?

Answer 6

A preventative OT intervention for healthy older adults. It promotes awareness of the relationship between everyday occupations and health. It has 5 defining characteristics that include: narrative reasoning, collaborative problem solving, occupational self analysis, and autonomy enhancing communication.

Question 7

What is CAPABLE?

Answer 7

Community Aging in place - advancing better living for elders

It is a person centered evidence based program designed to promote aging in place and reduce disability among older adults.

It includes home visits across 4 months with a nurse and an OT. Additionally older adults can receive upt o 1300 in home repair services

Question 8

What describes the following:

The presence of positive emotions, satisfaction with life and positive functioning?

Answer 8

Well being

Question 9

What describes the following:

Enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.

Answer 9

Health promotion

Question 10

What describes the following:
policies and services designed to prevent progression of a condition

Answer 10

Tertiary prevention

Question 11

What describes the following:

Health promotion and education to prevent the onset of conditions, injuries or disability

Answer 11

Primary prevention

Question 12

What are 2 examples of assessments that can be utilized to assess spirituality and beliefs?

Answer 12

• HOPE questionnaire
• Systems of belief inventory

Question 13

What assessment is a series of open ended questions utilized to explore a clients spirituality and can be used for further exploration into other support systems a client may have.

Answer 13

HOPE questionnaire

H - sources of home
O - organized religion
P - personal spirituality and practices
E - Effects on end of life issues and medical care

Question 14

What questionnaire is a series of self administered questions to measure spiritual and religious practices and beliefs and the social supports that are gained in sharing similar beliefs?

Answer 14

Systems of belief inventory

Question 15

What intervention approach was found to be effective in addressing sleep in older adults?

Answer 15

Cognitive behavioral approach

Question 16

Name some home environment assessments that-

Answer 16

• Safe at home checklist
• Home assessment profile
• Home safety assessment tool (HSSAT)

Question 17

What describes the following home assessment:

A checklist that assesses the interior and exterior of the home. It quickly identifies home safety, accessibility issues and fall hazards throughout the home.

Answer 17

Safe at home checklist

Question 18

What describes the following home assessment:

Performance based assessment evaluates safety and functional performance in the older adults living space. The therapist observes the clients mobility in various rooms inside and outside the home and specific activities that the client performs in those spaces. The therapist scores the client based on the perceived level of hazard that was observed. It is a valid and reliable instrument to assess safety in the home

Answer 18

Home safety profile

Question 19

What describes the following home assessment:

Its an assessment tool that includes a checklist to identify and correct hazards throughout the home that pose a fall risk. It provides pictures throughout each area of the home to better identify hazards. It also serves as a resource for older adults because it provides solutions to address potential hazards with additional information about ADA and home modifications.

Answer 19

Home safety assessment tool (HSSAT)

Question 20

What is the most common cause of low vision in older adults?

Answer 20

Age-related macular degeneration

Question 21

What part of the eye does cataracts impair?

Answer 21

Sclera, pupil & iris

Question 22

What part of the eye is impacted by glaucoma?

Answer 22

Optic nerve

Question 23

What is the most common condition in older adults?

Answer 23

Hearing loss

Estimated to affect 1/2 of older adults over age 70

Question 24

What type of hearing loss is described as the following:

The loss or damage to the sensory hair cells of the cochlear or damage to the nerve cells of the cortex, cochlear ganglion and or brain stem tracts. This type of damage is often caused by factors like ototoxic medications, high BP, diabetes, TBI and exposure to loud noise. It is typically permanent

Answer 24

Sensorineural loss

Question 25

What are the 2 types of sensorineural loss?

Answer 25

- Presbycusis - Noise induced hearing loss

Question 26

What is presbycusis?

Answer 26

Age related hearing loss - Progressive - Form of sensorineural loss that occurs in both ears and mostly affects high frequency sounds

Question 27

What is noise induced hearing loss?

Answer 27

Caused by prolonged exposure to loud sounds - Leads to hair cell death, changes in hearing and difficulty with sound clarity rather than amplification, and is usually limited to one hear.

Question 28

What type of hearing loss is described as the following: Occurs when sound waves cannot reach the inner ear. Common causes include a punctured ear drum, fluid accumulation or earwax buildup. Medical treatment can often restore hearing in cases

Answer 28

Conductive hearing loss

Question 29

What type of hearing loss is described as the following: Common condition in older adults, particularly in those with neurodegenerative disease like PD and dementia. It affects the comprehension of sound rather than the ability to hear it.

Answer 29

Centrual auditory processing disorder

Question 30

True or false: Research suggests that the decline in taste and smell may not be solely attributed to changes in reception, but rather a lack of sensory integration and comprehension in the postcentral gyrus area which experiences neuronal degeneration

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false: Women experience loss of smell more then men

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True or false: When it comes to senses there is a greater decline with smell then taste

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Dysfunction in the otolith organs is associated with what?

Answer 33

BPPV

Question 34

True or false: Dysfunction in the semicircular canals is associated with dizziness with is related to increase in risk of falls

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What are 2 parts of the vestibular system?

Answer 35

- Peripheral - Central

Question 36

What is an assessment used by OT's for vestibular disorders?

Answer 36

Vestibular disorders ADL scale

Question 37

What is the vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale?

Answer 37

Developed to assess self perceived disablement in individuals with vestibular impairment. 28 item self report 3 subscales (functional, ambulatory, instrumental)

Question 38

What is a balance assessment that OTs could use?

Answer 38

Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (CTSIB)

Question 39

What is the clinical test of sensory interaction on balance?

Answer 39

Develop to assess sensory contributions to postural control and involves the observing a patients attempt to maintain balance.

Question 40

When addressing sensory deficits, should you employ a top down or bottom up approach?

Answer 40

Top down

Question 41

What type of incontinence is described below: Leaking d/t strain on the bladder from movement such as coughing, jumping or laughing. Most common type

Answer 41

Stress incontinence

Question 42

What type of incontinence is described below: Sudden and unstoppable urinary urgency even when the bladder is not full, hyperstimulation of detrusor muscles d/t nerve damage, infection, medication or abdominal trauma

Answer 42

Overactive bladder

Question 43

What type of incontinence is described below: An inability to fully empty the bladder leading to urine build up that may leak our unexpectedly

Answer 43

Overflow incontinence

Question 44

What type of incontinence is described below: Urinary leakage d/t cognitive issues, including forms of dementia, delirium and intellectual disabilities and neurological or muscular limitations such as arthritis. The inability to reach the toilet in time or to recognize personal need to use the bathroom

Answer 44

Functional incontinence

Question 45

Name some assessments that can be used regarding sex/intimacy

Answer 45

- OPISI - Changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ) - PROMIS sexual function and satisfaction measures brief profile - pain questionnairs