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Histopathology Lec&Lab > MODULE 3 - Infiltration/Impregnation > Flashcards

MODULE 3 - Infiltration/Impregnation Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Main reason why we do Infiltration

A

To remove clearing agents from tissues

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2
Q

2nd reason why we do Infiltration

A

to fill up cavities and tissue spaces

to give firm consistency for easy cutting

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3
Q

The most commonly used and rapid infiltration method

A

Paraffin wax

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4
Q

Advantages of using paraffin wax infiltration method

A

For serial sections

Compatible for any staining procedure

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5
Q

Prolonged process using paraffin wax will cause

A

tissue shrinkage and hardening

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6
Q

Inadequate process when using paraffin wax will cause

A

retention of clearing agents

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7
Q

Paraffin wax infiltration method is not used for ______.

A

fatty tissues

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8
Q

Melting point for routine work in paraffin infiltration method

A

56 degrees celsius

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9
Q

This method of paraffin wax needs autotechnicon and is more rapid than manual

A

automatic

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10
Q

This method of paraffin wax needs an oven to keep the wax melted

A

manual

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11
Q

How many changes of wax is needed in manual paraffin wax method? In what interval?

A

4 changes

15 minutes interval

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12
Q

This paraffin wax infiltration method is more rapid than manual

A

Automatic

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13
Q

Automatic can cause shorter processing time because of these variables

A

heat and agitation

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14
Q

Vacuum is under _________ and is the most ___________.

A

negative atmospheric pressure in the oven

RAPID of all paraffin wax infiltration method

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15
Q

Vacuum is recommended for?

A

urgent biopsies

lungs, brain, eyes, spleen and CNS

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16
Q

Enumerate different substitutes for paraffin wax

A 
Paraplast
Embeddol
Bioloid 
Ester wax
Tissue mat
Carbowax
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17
Q

It is used for eye specimens

A

bioloid

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18
Q

it is a mixture of highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers

A

paraplast

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19
Q

Melting point of paraplast

A

56-57 degrees Celsius

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20
Q

Paraplast is used for

A

bones and brains

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21
Q

it is similar to paraplast but has a melting point of 56-57 degrees Celsius

A

embeddol

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22
Q

wax with a much lower melting point

A

ester wax

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23
Q

what is the melting point of ester wax

A

46-48 degrees

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24
Q

it is harder than paraffin and thus requires ____________

A

ester wax, heavy duty microtome

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25
ester wax is soluble to? | and what is the effect of this on processes?
alcohol | it will not require clearing process, only dehydration
26
Product of paraffin with rubber
tissue mat
27
– a water soluble wax for enzyme histochemistry
Carbowax
28
Carbowax advantage and disadvantage?
it will not require both dehydration and clearing process | tissues will not be able to float out
29
Remedy for carbowax
Soap to water | 10% polyethylene glycol 900
30
Celloidin is also known as
Collodion
31
Celloidin is soluble in
alcohol and ether
32
Celloidin is a purified form of
nitrocellulose
33
How many percent of celloidin solutions is dissolved in ____________?
4.8% | dissolved in equal parts of alcohol and ether
34
Celloidin is used for
Large and hollow specimens that tends to collapse
35
Disadvantage of using celloidin
Does not require heat, VERY slow, thin sections, | sections for photomicrography are difficult to obtain
36
Process of infiltration that does not require heat
Celloidin and gelatin
37
In methods of cellodin infiltration, enumerate the concentration and duration for thin, medium and thick specimens
Thin- 2-4% , 3-5 days Medium- 4-6% 3-5 days Thick- 8-12% for 5-7 days
38
Wet celloidin is used for
bones, brain, teeth and whole organs
39
What should be used for storage of wet celloidin method
70% alcohol
40
Dry celloidin is used for
Eye specimen
41
What should be used for dry celloidin storage?
Gilson's method- chloroform + cedarwood oil
42
Disadvantage of using LVN
highly explosive | cracking of tissues
43
Advantage of using LVN
produces harder tissue block | thinner sections to cut
44
To prevent cracking of tissues in LVN what should be done
add plasticizers | Oleum recini and castor oil
45
Type of infiltration method that is RARELY used
Gelatin
46
Steps in doing gelation method
1st step- put specimen in container 10% gelatin and 1% phenol for 24 hrs 2nd step- put in 20% gelatin and 1% phenol for 12 hrs 3rd step- put in 20% gelatin and 1% phenol and refrigerate until impregnation and embedding is complete
47
What should be added to gelatin method in order to prevent formation of molds?
phenol
48
Gelatin method is ___________ and is used for ______________.
water-soluble | frozen sections and enzyme histochemistry
49
in gelatin infiltration method, tissue for processing should not be _______
2-3 mm thick
50
EMBEDDING is also known as
CASTING / BLOCKING
51
``` Placing infiltrated tissue in a mold containing the embedding medium which is allowed to solidify A. Fixation B. Dehydration C. Clearing D. Embedding ```
D
52
Requirements for embedding
Embedding mold, medium and infiltrated tissue
53
Temperature of melted paraffin used for embedding
5-10 degrees above its melting point
54
To allow solidification of block in embedding, what can be done?
1. put in -5 degrees refrigerator | 2. put in cold water
55
cutting off excess paraffin wax to form a four-sided prism
trimming
56
What is double-embedding
different infiltration and embedding medium. | Ex. infiltrate- celloidin, embedding- paraffin wax
57
Enumerate the non-disposable of embedding molds
Leuckhart's Compoung embedding unit Plastic embedding ring and base molds Tissue tek
58
Enumerate the disposable embedding molds
Peel-away Paper boat Plastic ice tray
59
Type of embedding mold that – consist of 2 L- shaped strips of heavy brass or metal
Leuckhart's
60
What does peel-away molds do
produce perfect blocks without trimming
61
Type of Embedding mold that is economical and easy to prepare
paper boat
62
disadvantage and advantage of using leukhart's
need to assemble | can produce different sizes of tissue blocks
63
What should be done when using plastic ice trays
need to smear the inner wall with glycerin for easy for removal of tissue blocks
64
PLASTIC (RESINS) Embedding is used for
EM, high resolution for LM
65
For extremely hard tissues, what can be used
Expoxy, Polyester and Acrylic
66
Enumerate chemicals under expoxy
Bisphenol Glycerol Cyclohexane dioxide
67
Type of plastic (resins) embedding that is rarely used and for EM
Polyester
68
Enumerate chemicals under Acrylic
MMA and GMA
69
the most critical stage of tissue processing
dehydration
70
It facilitates complete removal of transition solvents, and | prolongs the life of wax by reducing solvent contamination
Vacuum Embedding
71
The degree of the vacuum should not exceed
500 mm
72
the tissue should not be left in the paraffin oven for ________
more than 4 hours.
73
Carbowax technique is suitable for
enzyme histochemical studies
74
carbowax is _______ in nature
hygroscopic
75
Celloidin is a purified form of nitrocellulose soluble in many solvents, suitable for specimens with large hollow cavities which tend to collapse, for hard and dense tissues such as ____________
bones, teeth and for large tissue sections of the whole embryo.
76
recommended for processing of neurological tissues.
celloidin
77
It is used as an embedding medium for delicate specimens and frozen tissue sections
gelatin
78
Usually, embedding medium is miscible with water | True or False
False
79
The process by which a tissue is arranged in precise positions in the mold during embedding, on the microtome before cutting, and on the slide before staining, is known as ________
Orientation.
80
Generally speaking, the surface of the section to be cut should be placed __________ to the bottom of the mold in which it is oriented.
parallel
81
made up of a series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments
Compound Embedding Unit
82
Blocks produced are even, with parallel sides, and with a fairly shaped initial setting of the wax.
Leuckhart’s Embedding Mold
83
consist of a special stainless steel base mold fitted with a plastic embedding ring, which later serves as the block holder during cutting.
Plastic Embedding Rings and Base Mold
84
equipped with a warm plate to manage the impregnated specimen, and a cold plate at -5°C for rapid solidification of the block
Tissue Tek
85
This is used to facilitate cutting of large blocks of dense firm tissues like the brain
Double-Embedding
86
Radicals can be produced spontaneously by
heat or light
87
widely used for bone histomorphometry and bone marrow | hematopathology.
Acrylic plastics based on methyl methacrylate (MMA)
88
type of embedding that causes almost complete loss of | enzyme activity and protein antigenicity in the tissues
mma

Histopathology Lec&Lab (7 decks)

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