Module 3: Natural Hazards, Mitigation, and Adaption (2nd Grading)

Question 1

Events that occur as a part of the natural cycles of Earth and may cause damage to a community.

Answer 1

Natural Hazards

Question 2

The disruption of the normal functioning of a community.

Answer 2

Disaster

Question 3

It refers to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or assets that makes it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. (United Nations Office of Risk Reduction)

Answer 3

Vulnerability

Question 4

Ground shaking or ground motion, a principal cause of the total collapse of structures, is the vibration of the ground caused by seismic waves during an earthquake.

Answer 4

Ground Shaking

Question 5

It is the offset or tearing of the ground by surface differential movement along a fault during an earthquake.

Answer 5

Surface Faulting

Question 7

These are very high waves or seismic sea waves caused by the sudden movement of the ocean floor.

Answer 7

Tsunamis

Question 7

2 Examples of Volcanic Eruptions:

Answer 7

1. Lahar and Floods
2. Lave FLows and Domes

Question 8

It is a flowing slurry
of volcanic debris and water that originates on a volcano. The eruption of a snow covered volcano can melt snow.

Answer 8

Lahar (Mudflow)

Question 9

It seldom threatens human life because they move slowly and their path can be predicted.

Answer 9

Lava Flows & Domes

Question 10

It forms long thin flows on slopes and flat topped lava in flat topped lava in flat areas and topographic depression.

Answer 10

Fluid Lava

Question 11

It form short stubby flows on slopes and steep sided domes around their vents.

Answer 11

Viscous Lava

Question 12

It occurs in sloping terrain. It can be triggered by rainfall or earthquake. Earthquakes may either be a natural occurrence or man-made.

Answer 12

Landslides

Question 13

It is caused by heavy rains that can loosen soil and make the foundations of the structures weak.

Answer 13

Rainfall-Induced

Question 14

It occurs during or after an earthquake due to gravity.

Answer 14

Earthquake-Induced

Question 15

It can increase the Strength of Winds, which may cause tropical depression, storm, and a typhoon.

Answer 15

Tropical Cyclones or Cyclones

Question 16

These are storm systems characterized by rapid spiraling storms, low-pressure centers, and intensely strong winds.

Answer 16

Typhoons / Hurricanes

Question 17

These are Seasonal Winds.

Answer 17

Monsoons

Question 18

Two Monsoons in the Philippines are;

Answer 18

1. Amihan (Northwest Monsoon)
2. Habagat (Southwest Monsoon)

Question 19

• It is characterized by Cold Gusty Winds with little precipitation.
• It begins in Early September to May or June.
• Winds blow in the East.

Answer 19

Amihan (Northwest Monsoon)

Question 20

• It is characterized by Hot and Humid Atmosphere with frequent or heavy rainfall.
• It begins in June and Ends in August or September.
• Winds blow in the West.

Answer 20

Habagat (Southwest Monsoon)

Question 21

• It is a rapidly swirling condensation funnel whose narrow end comes in contact with the ground.
• It usually carries debris and other objects that can be picked up from the ground.
• It is locally known as Ipo-Ipo.
• Occur anywhere in an average number of 12 - 24 times a year.
• Characterized by: Storm, Debris, Fire.

Answer 21

Tornado

Question 22

• It interacts with all natural systems and processes that happen on land, in the marine environment and in the atmosphere.
• Coastal Areas are transition places between land and sea.
• These areas are considered low-lying.
• It is very dynamic.

Answer 22

Common Coastal Hazard

Question 23

4 Types of Common Coastal Hazard:

Answer 23

1. Coastal Erosion
2. Submersion
3. Storm Surges
4. Saltwater Intrusion

Question 24

It is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, drainage or high winds.

Answer 24

Coastal Erosion

Question 25

It is the sustainable cyclic portion of coastal erosion.

It is where coastal sediments move from the visible portion of a beach to the submerged near shore region.

It later returns to the original visible portion of the beach.

Answer 25

Submersion

Question 26

The recovery portion of the sustainable cycle of sediment behavior.

Answer 26

Accretion

Question 27

It is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones, typhoons or hurricanes; intense storms.

The storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore, which can lead to flooding.

This makes Storm Surges very dangerous for coastal regions.

Answer 27

Storm Surges

Question 28

It is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers.

It can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences.

It occurs naturally to some degree in most coastal aquifers, owing to the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater.

Answer 28

Saltwater Intrusion