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Microbiology > Module 3 pt. 4 > Flashcards

Module 3 pt. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The Danish bacteriologist who devised the most frequently used differential stain

A

Hans Christian Gram

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2
Q

Gram stain

Primary stain
Mordant
Decolorizer
Counterstain

A

Crystal violet - primary stain
Iodine - mordant
95% ethanol - decolorizer
Safranin - counterstain

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3
Q

Used to fix bacteria sample to formation of a complex of crystal violet and KI

A

Mordant

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4
Q

Stain does not come out of which type of bacteria?

A

Gram positive bacteria

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5
Q

Kind of bacteria without cell wall

They have sterols in their cell membranes for stability

A

Mycoplasma species

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6
Q

Parts of a glycocalyx:

Less discrete structure or matrix which embeds the cell ; diffuse and irregular.ONLY called this when glycocalyx is LOOSELY BOUND

Discrete detectable layer of polysaccharides deposited outside the cell wall; distinct and gelatinous. ONLY called this when glycocalyx is TIGHTLY BOUND. Sharply defined, organized structure

A

Slime layer

Capsule

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7
Q

Capsules are ___, this contribute to VIRULENCE

Protects against ___

Help adhere to different surfaces like medical implants

Helps trap nutrients near the cell

Soil bacteria protected from dessication

Reserves for carbohydrates

Protect from engulfment

A

Antiphagocytic

LYSOZYME

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8
Q

Functions of Glycocalyx (5)

A

Disease - virulence

Protections - Protects from antibiotics, chemicals, white blood cells

Adherance to surfaces - attach to surface of the host

Avoidance of dessication - prevent dryness

In cell-cell recognition - receptors to bind to other cells of close species

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9
Q

The bacteria that uses its slime layer to accumulate on tooth enamel.

A

Streptococcus (Gram positive)

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10
Q

A polysaccharide-encased mass of bacteria coating a surface

A

BIOFILM

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11
Q

A common form of protein found in flagella

A

flagellin

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12
Q

Responsible for the motility of bacteria

Spins like a propeller

Termed the ‘H’ antigen.

Sometimes attach by immune responses

10 - 20 micrometers in length

A

Flagella

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13
Q

Rotation and rate of flagella

A

1500 rpm

rate 10 body lengths/second

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14
Q

A flagella is found in all motile bacteria except ___.

A

Spirochetes

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15
Q

Type of bacteria to have multiple flagella

A

Helicobacter pylori

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16
Q

Basic parts of a flagella (3)

Twisted but with hollow core

Wide region at the base which connects the two parts

Anchored in cell membrane and cell wall; rings and rod

A

Filament(flagellin)

Hook

Basal Body (motor)

17
Q

Rings of a flagella

A

L
P
S
M

18
Q

Types of flagellar arrangement (5)

Single flagellum at one pole

Tuft of flagella at one pole

Flagella at both poles

Flagella all over

Tuft of flagella at both ends

A

Monotrichous

Lophotrichous

Amphitrichous

Peritrichous

Amphilophotrichous

19
Q

Other kinds of motility (5)

A

Swarming
Swimming
Twitching
Gliding
Sliding

20
Q

Different taxis of flagella (4) - seeking out favorable environments or avoiding bad ones

Sense chemicals and move towards regions w/ more nutrients (attractant) and away from regions with toxic materials (repellant)

Swim to regions that contain favorable concentrations of dissolved oxygen

Movement to regions of optimal light intensity and quality

Response to earth’s magnetic field

A

Chemotaxis

Aerotaxis

Phototaxis

Magnetotaxis

21
Q

Flagella are ___ helices and bundle and rotate together only when rotating ___.
When they reverse direction going clockwise, instead of a run, flagella unwind and the cell starts a ___ where you would observe a cell seemingly thrashing about in place, causing it to reorient.

A

Left-handed
counterclockwise

tumble

22
Q

Detection of motility and presence of flagella (6)

A

Direct observation by hanging drop method

Dark field microscopy

Motility media

Flagellar staining

Electron microscopy

Immunological detection of “H” antigen

23
Q

Tiny Hollow projections not involved in movement. Shorter, thinner, and straighter than flagella.
Made up of ___ proteins.

A

Pili

Pilin

24
Q

Types of pili (2)
with adhesins

Longer than attachment pili
DNA transfer from one cell to another

A

Attachment pili (fimbriae)

Conjugation Pili/ sex pili / F pili

25
Q

Hair like surface appendages

Shorter and thinner than flagella

Organs of adhesion that form pellicles

Cause Hemagglutination - clumping of RBCs

A

Fimbriae

26
Q

Similar to fimbriae but generally longer

Functions in gene transfer of F’-plasmid

Can be a receptor for virus particles or attachment to human tissues

A

Conjugation Pilus

Microbiology (25 decks)

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