Module 3 - readings

Question 1

Adding M101 to cold storage solution as an alternative to HOPE for liver graft preservation - Alix et al. 2020

Answer 1

• potential to mitigate IRI in pig livers
• improved ATP synthesis, increased catalytic activity and reduced inflammation
• did not outcompete standard HOPE likely due to its oxygen limit
• Limitation = 2 different solutions used between control vs HOPE

Question 2

Intranasal delivery of mitochondria for treatment of Parkinsons in rats - Chang et al. 2021

Answer 2

• investigate whether intranasal delivery of allogenic mitochondria could improve motor function and neuronal survival in rat models with parkinsons disease
• Infusion improved behaviours, increased neuronal survival and restored ETC function

Question 3

Mitochondrial transplantation in pediatric and neonatal pig hearts - Alemanny et al. 2024

Answer 3

• Looking to preserve myocardial function in viability of hearts DCD
• Transplantation improved myocardial function shown via an increase in LVDP, reduction in infarct size and restored aerobic metabolism

Question 4

Effects of microgravity on mitochondrial function - Nguyen et al. 2021

Answer 4

• microgravity causes oxidative damage in mitochondria via differential expression of metabolic genes and cytoskeletal structure enhancing ROS production
• Also causes a loss of antioxidants creating an imbalance with ROS

Question 5

Differential effects of reperfusion of cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations in porcine models of acute myocardial infarction - Shekar et al. 2022

Answer 5

• comparison between SSM and IFM in reperfusion treatment
• Complex I and II respiration rate significantly reduced in SSM compared to IFM
• IFM calcium retention capacity was significantly reduced
• no difference in ATP synthesis
• both types undergo functional impairment in the first 4 hours of reperfusion

Question 6

Circulating TMAO in liver transplant recipients - Trillos-Almanza et al. 2024

Answer 6

• 9 year observational study
• TMAO significantly increased in liver transplant patients after transplantation and in comparison to a healthy population
• Poor kidney function and iron supplementation had a strong association with elevated TMAO levels
• TMAO = increased ROS = worse prognosis

Question 7

Mitochondria, estrogen and female brain aging - Leiri et al. 2018

Answer 7

• loss in estrogen is associated with alterations in mitochondrial activity leading to dysfunction
• loss of estrogen correlated with an increase in oxidants and an imbalance in fusion/fission proteins
• administration of estrogen had opposite effects increasing antioxidants and fusion proteins (OPA1)

Question 8

MitoQ attenuating exercise-induced mitochondrial DNA damage - Williamson et al. 2020

Answer 8

• participants were all subjected to HIIT
• Acute mitoQ treatment had no effect
• Chronic mitoQ caused a decrease in lymphocyte and human muscle mTDNA damage.
• works via scavenging ROS preventing radical formation near mtDNA