Module 3 (Respiratory System) Overview

Question 1

Optimal Air Conditions

Answer 1

Warm
Clean
Moist

Question 2

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Nose
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

Question 3

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 3

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs

Question 4

Additional Components of Respiratory Tract

Answer 4

Thoracic Cavity
Joints
Respiratory Muscles

Question 5

Respiratory Epithelium

Answer 5

Psuadostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 6

Olfactory epithelium Components

Answer 6

Olfactory nerve fibers
Olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory support cells
Dentrites

Question 7

Pharynx Regions

Answer 7

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 8

Larynx Components

Answer 8

Epiglottis
Hyoid Bone
Laryngeal Prominence
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilage
Vocal fold
Vestibular fold

Question 9

Bronchial Tree

Answer 9

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchioles

Question 10

Lung Epithelial Cells = Pneumocytes

Answer 10

Type I Squamous
Type II Cuboidal

(+ roaming macrophages)

Question 11

Blood Air Barrier

Answer 11

Alveoli cell layer
Basement membrane
Capillary endothelium

Question 12

Body Cavities of the Trunk

Answer 12

Thoracic Cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal-Pelvic cavity

Question 13

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 13

Mediastinum
Pleural cavities

Question 14

Ventilation

Answer 14

Inspiration
Expiration

Question 15

Boyle’s Law

Answer 15

P = 1/V

Question 16

Thoracic Joints

Answer 16

Anterior:
Sternocostal
Costochondral
Interchondral

Posterior:
Costotransverse
Costovertebral

Question 17

Muscles of Respiratory

Answer 17

Diaphragm
Intercostals
Accessory muscles

Question 18

Pleural Layers

Answer 18

Visceral
Partial
+ Pleural Fluid in-between

Question 19

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

Answer 19

F = A/T . D . (P1-P2)

Question 20

Opposing Forces of Breathing

Answer 20

Stiffness of Lungs (compliance)
Resistance to Airways (bronchial radius)

Question 21

Spirometry Trace Volumes

Answer 21

Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Residual Volume
Minimal Volume

Question 22

Spirometry Trace Capacities

Answer 22

Vital Capacity
Total Lung Capacity
Inspiratory Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity

Question 23

Respiratory Disease Types

Answer 23

Obstructive (e.g. Bronchial Asthma and COPD)
Restrictive (e.g. Pulmonary Fibrosis)

Question 24

Gas Mixture

Answer 24

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water Vapor

Question 25

Gas Transfer via Diffusion determined by:

Answer 25

Surface Area Thickness Pressure Difference

Question 26

Alveolar Partial Pressure factors

Answer 26

Partial Pressure Alveolar ventilation Consumption (O2) or Production (CO2)

Question 27

Oxygen-Binding Curve Right Shift caused by:

Answer 27

Increase in CO2 Increase in H+ = Decrease in pH Increase in Temp

Question 28

Oxygen-Binding Curve Left Shift caused by:

Answer 28

Decrease in CO2 Decrease in H+ = Increase in pH Decrease in Temp

Question 29

Bohr Effect: Factors that causes a shift in Oxygen-Binding Curve

Answer 29

pH Temperature CO2 BPG

Question 30

CO2 Transport

Answer 30

Dissolved in plasma Bicarbonate Combined with proteins

Question 31

Neurons

Answer 31

1 = DRG (dorsal respiratory group) 2 = VRG (ventral respiratory group) 3 = Pre-Botzinger Complex *all located in medulla oblongata of brain steam

Question 32

Sensors

Answer 32

Chemoreceptors (Central and Peripheral) Lung Stretch Receptors Baroreceptors Protective Reflexes

Question 33

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):

Answer 33

Extra volume that can be inhaled over and above tidal volume

Question 34

Tidal Volume:

Answer 34

Volume of air moved in and out during normal quiet breath. Average 500mL.

Question 35

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):

Answer 35

Extra volume that can be exhaled voluntarily after completion of a normal quiet repertory cycle

Question 36

Minimal Volume:

Answer 36

Volume remaining in lungs if they collapsed - cannot be removed from lungs

Question 37

Residual Volume:

Answer 37

Volume remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation

Question 38

Inspiratory Capacity:

Answer 38

Total volume of air that can be inspired from rest = IRV + VT

Question 39

Vital Capacity:

Answer 39

Total volume of air that can be moved in and out of your lungs = IRV + ERV + VT

Question 40

Functional Residual Capacity:

Answer 40

Volume remaining in lungs after normal expiration = ERV + RV

Question 41

Total Lung Capacity:

Answer 41

Total volume in lungs when filled to maximum = Vt + RV