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Biological Psyhcology > Module 3 - Structure of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Module 3 - Structure of the Nervous System Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Neuaxis

A

An imaginary line drawn through the CNS from the spinal cord to the front of the brain

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2
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Rostral

A

The location of the brain that is towards the face

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3
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Caudal

A

The location of the brain that is away from the face

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4
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Anterior

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the top end (face)

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5
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Posterior

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the bottom end (feet)

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6
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Dorsal

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the back

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7
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Ventral

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the belly

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8
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Lateral

A

Towards the outside of the body

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9
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Medial

A

Towards the middle fo the body

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10
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Ipsilateral

A

Structures located on the same side of the body

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11
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Contralateral

A

Structures on the opposite side of the body

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12
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Sagittal Plane

A

Slicing the brain parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to the ground (front view)

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13
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Coronal Plane

A

Slicing the brain parallel to the forehead to make front and back sections (side view)

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14
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Horizontal Plane

A

Slicing the brain parallel to the ground, to make top and bottom sections (top view)

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15
Q

Nervious System Protection

A
  • Meninges
  • Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal Fluid
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16
Q

Meninges

A

The layers of connective tissue covering nervous system to provide structure and protection

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17
Q

Meninges

A

________________ - Dura Mater
———————- - Arachnoid Membrane
########### - Subarachnoid space
———————- - Pia Mater
& & & & & & & - Brain Surface

CNS - Dura mater, arachnoid membrane & pia mater
PNS - onlt have dura & pia mater layers which are fused together to cover the nerves

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18
Q

Dura Mater

A

Forms a thick outer layer which is thick, tough and flexible

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19
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

Forms the middle layer which is soft and spongy

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20
Q

Pia Mater

A

Shaped to the brains surface which is think and delicate

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21
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the ventricular system. Located between the arachnoide membrance and the pia mater

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22
Q

Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

CSF has 2 main jobs.
1 - Shock absorber - reduced net weight of brain as it floats in CSF
2 - Material exchanger - helps provide nutrients to the brain and removes waste

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23
Q

Ventricles

A

Small hollow spaces in the brain
Connected to one another and produce, store and circulate the cerebrospinal fluid

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24
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

A highly vascular tissue found in all the ventricles.

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25
Forebrain
Located rostrally (towards the nose) and has two main subdivisions; telencephalon & diencephalon
26
Telencephalon
Forebrain - Lateral - Telencephalon - Cerebral cortex - Basal ganglia - Limbic system
27
Diencephalon
Forebrain - Third - Diencephalon - Thalamus - Hypothalamus
28
Cerebrum
Left and right of the cerebral hemispheres Contains; Cerebal cortex Limbic system Basal Ganglia
29
Cerebral Hemispheres
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Cerebral Cortex - Cortial
Surrounds the two cerebal hemispheres Convoluted (folded) to increase overall surface area which helps with comple cognition
31
Limbic System - Subcortical (Beneath the Cortex)
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Basal Ganglia - Subcortical (Beneath the Cortex)
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Sulci
Small grooves in the cerebral cortex
34
Fissures
Large grooves in the cerebral cortext
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Gyri
Bulges in between grooves in the cerebral cortex
36
White Matter
Made up fpr glia and myelinated axons which have a while colour
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Grey Matter
Names after its colour, contains glia and lots of cell bodies which have a grey colour
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Cerebral Cortex - Frontal Lobe
Rostal to parietal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe
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Cerebral Cortex - Parietal Lobe
Caudal to the frontal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe
40
Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Lobe
Rostral to the occipital lobe and ventral to pariental and frontal lobes
41
Cerebral Cortex - Occipital Lobe
Caudal to parietal and temporal lobes
42
Cerebral Cortex Functions - Sensory Cortex
Three areas of the cerebral cortex receive information from sensory organs for processing
43
Primary Visual Cortex
Located in the occipital lobe around the calcarine fissure Processes sensory information sent from the eyes
44
Primary Auditory Cortex
Located in the temporal lobe near the lateral fissure Processes sensory information sent from the auditory system
45
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Located in parietal lobe near the central sulcus Processes information sent from the somatosensory system (pressure)
46
Insular Cortex
Helps process taste information
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Contralateral Sensory Connections
48
Primary Motor Cortex
Movement control Located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe
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Association Cortex
Help accomplish everything between sensation and action This is what most the cerebal cortex is made up of
50
Sensory Association Cortex
Each primary sensory area if the cerebral cortex sends information to adjacent regions for futher processing Regions further away receive information from more than one sensory systems which allows to connect information across senses
51
Motor Assoiation Cortex (Premotor Cortex)
Helps control the primary motor cortex
52
Basal Ganglia
Collection of nuclei below the cerebal cortex (subcortical) Involved in motor control
53
Nuclei
An identifiable group of cell bodies in CNS
54
Limbic System
Widespread group of brain nucle that form a network Involved in learning, memory and emotions Includes the limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampus
55
Hippocampus
Involved with learning and memory processing
56
Amygdala
Helps with emotion processing
57
Lateralization
Functions localised to one side of the brain
58
Corpus Collosum
A large bundle of axons that interconnect corresponding regions of association cortex on each side of the brain Allows the two sides to talk to another
59
Thalamus
The largest part of the diencephalon which sit above the hypothalamus Acts as a relay station The nucleio (groups of cell bodies) have axons which are widespread throughout the cortex
60
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Gets information from the eye and sends it on to the primary visual cortex for detailed processing
61
Hypothalamus
Sits below the thalamus Controls the endocrine system (hormones) and the autonomic nervous system (regulates bodily functions) Important for survival behaviours including reproduction, fighting and eating
62
Pituitary Gland (anterior & posterior)
Hormones which influence the endocrine system through the pituitary gland Anterior - Eventually cause the anterior to release its own hormones Posterior - Does not make its own hormones.
63
Neurosecretory cells of the Hypothalamus
Release hormones which enter blood vessels
64
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
65
Tectum
66
Tegmentum
67
Superior Colliculi
68
Inferior Colliculi
69
Reticular Formation
70
Periaqueductal Grey Matter & Red Nucleus
71
Substantia Nigra
72
Hindbrain
73
Metencephalon
74
Myelencephalon
75
Pons
76
Cerebellum (Cerebellar Cortex & Cerebellar Nuclei)
77
Medulla
78
Spinal Cord
79
Vertebral Column
80
Spinal Roots
81
Dorsal Spinal Roots
82
Ventral Spinal Roots
83
Nerves
84
Crainal Nerves
85
Spinal Nerves
86
Afferent Axons
87
Efferent Axons
88
Autonomis Nervous System
89
Somatic Nervous System
90
Sympathetic Nervous System
91
Parasympathetic Nervous System
92
Preganglionic Neuron
93
Postganglionic Neuron
94
Ganglia

Biological Psyhcology (4 decks)

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