Module 3 Unit 3 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Refers to the frequency and pattern health-related states or events
Distribution
Refers not only to the number of health events but also to the relationship of that number to the size of the population
Frequency
Sporadic, Endemic, Hyperendemic, Epidemic, Outbreak, and Pandemic are classified as
Level of Disease
A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly
Sporadic
Constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area.
Endemic
Persistent, high levels of disease occurrence. The amount of disease in a community rises above the expected level
Hyperendemic
Increase, often sudden, in the number of cases
of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in
that area.
Epidemic
Increase, often sudden, in the number of cases
of a disease above what is normally expected (same with epidemic) but is
often used for a more limited geographic area.
Outbreak
an epidemic that has spread over several countries
or continents, usually affecting a large number of people.
Pandemic
A relative magnitude of two quantities or a comparison of any two values. The numerator and denominator are different categories of the same variable or are completely different variables
Ratio
Comparison of a part to the whole. It is a type of ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator. (expressed as a decimal, a fraction, or a percentage)
Proportion
The measure of the frequency (often a proportion) with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time
Rate
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Prevalence
proportion (usually expressed in percentage) of individuals in a
population with a species at a specified point in time
Point prevalence
proportion (usually expressed in percentage) of individuals in a
population with a species over a specified interval of time
period prevalence
it conveys information about the risk of contracting the
disease
Incidence
the proportion of new cases of the disease in a population in a specified time period
Incidence
It is revealed by answers to three basic questions which these features
of the disease, occurrence relate respectively to Who gets the infection? (person) Where does the infection occur? (place) When does the infection occur? (time)
Pattern
Measures that are applied to prevent the occurrence of a disease.
Prevention
Measures that are applied to prevent transmission after the disease has
occurred
Control
a reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts;
continued intervention measures are required to maintain the reduction
Control
Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts;
continued intervention measures are required
Elimination
Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts.
intervention measures are no longer needed.
Eradication
aims to destroy the bacterial pathogen not only to alleviate the symptoms and reduce
morbidity, but also to control transmission by reducing the number of infected
individuals.
Treatment
