MODULE 3.1

Question 1

What is a conquistador?

Answer 1

A Spanish conqueror

Question 2

What is a caballero?

Answer 2

A small tract of land included in a land grant

Question 3

What does canon measure?

Answer 3

A measure equal to 75 liters

Question 4

Define hacienda.

Answer 4

Large estates that were used for raising livestock and agricultural production

Question 5

What is an inquilino?

Answer 5

A tenant who rented land from the friars and subleased the land to sharecroppers

Question 6

Who are principales?

Answer 6

Ruling elite class

Question 7

What is a sharecropper (kasama)?

Answer 7

An individual who rented the land from an inquilino and worked the land

Question 8

What is a sitio de ganado mayor?

Answer 8

A large tract of land included in a land grant

Question 9

What was the poverty incidence of farmers in the Philippines in 2018?

Answer 9

31.6%

Question 10

What was the poverty incidence of fishers in the Philippines in 2018?

Answer 10

26.2%

Question 11

How many farmers are poor in the Philippines?

Answer 11

Around 5.5 million

Question 12

How many fishers are poor in the Philippines?

Answer 12

Around 4.6 million

Question 13

What year did the Spanish conquistadores receive land grants in the Philippines?

Answer 13

Late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries

Question 14

What is the size of a sitio de ganado mayor?

Answer 14

1,742 hectares

Question 15

What is the size of a caballería?

Answer 15

42.5 hectares

Question 16

What were the three reasons for the failure of hacienderos to develop their lands?

Answer 16

• Transient Spanish population
• Small market for livestock products
• Galleon Trade offered bigger rewards

Question 17

Who took over the development of lands when Spanish hacienderos showed disinterest?

Answer 17

Religious orders

Question 18

What was expected of tenants working on hacienda lands?

Answer 18

To pay an annual rent and render personal services

Question 19

What was the three-tiered system that emerged in the hacienda?

Answer 19

• Landlords at the top
• Inquilinos in the middle
• Sharecroppers at the bottom

Question 20

What did sharecroppers benefit from their arrangement with religious estates?

Answer 20

Exemption from forced labor responsibilities demanded by the Spanish government

Question 21

What happened in 1759 regarding the Hacienda de Calamba?

Answer 21

Owned by several Spanish laymen and donated to the Jesuits

Question 22

Who purchased the Hacienda de Azansa in 1883?

Answer 22

The Dominicans for 52,000 pesos

Question 23

What was the main commodity planted in the Hacienda de Calamba?

Answer 23

Sugar

Question 24

What year did the Dominicans begin to evict tenants for non-payment of rent?

Answer 24

1891

Question 25

What did Rizal's family experience due to the agrarian dispute?

Answer 25

Eviction from their land and forced relocation to Manila

Question 26

What were the tenants' grievances against the hacienda owners?

Answer 26

* Increasing amount of rent * Faulty irrigation systems * Failure to issue receipts

Question 27

What was the outcome of the lawsuit filed by the Dominicans against Francisco Rizal?

Answer 27

The friars won the case, leading to eviction

Question 28

What did Rizal's experiences with the hacienda dispute influence?

Answer 28

His second novel, El Filibusterismo

Question 29

What historical system contributed to the agrarian issue at the Hacienda de Calamba?

Answer 29

The Spanish colonial system

Question 30

True or False: The agrarian dispute was a significant factor in the Philippine Revolution.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

According to historian Teodoro Agoncillo, what was the Philippine Revolution?

Answer 31

An Agrarian Revolution

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Aguinaldo's proclamation omitted the issue of _______.

Answer 32

land and agrarian crisis