Module 4

Question 1

When should parents introduce the topic of toilet training?

Answer 1

18 months

Question 2

 True voluntary sphincter control cars as a function of psychological development some most children are ready to toilet training until how many months?

Answer 2

24 months or older

Question 3

Separation anxiety is normal during what age range when it comes to resisting bedtime?

Answer 3

Six months to two years

Question 4

What is unmodified extinction mean?

Answer 4

Letting them cry it out when going to bed

Question 5

What is the main difference between night terrors and nightmares?

Answer 5

Night terrors are typically in the first portion of sleep
Night terrors will have physiological symptoms such as dilated pupils increase heart rate and sweating. This usually occurs after 18 months

Nightmares occur during REM sleep. Which is the last portion of the night. Occurs in children ages 3 to 6 years old. Kids may have recollection of the nightmare

Question 6

Confusional arousal occur around what age?

Answer 6

2 to 5 years. Children well awake from deep sleep during the first part of the night and Are sleep drunk

Question 7

What age does sleepwalking occur?

Answer 7

Sleepwalking occurs around age is 4-8 years old. It is the most dangerous form of parasomnia. Children can I have dazed open eyes, and speech can be mumbled or slurred

Question 8

What phase of the sleep cycle do newborns enter in initially?

Answer 8

REM sleep

Question 9

When are nighttime feeds not necessary in infants?

Answer 9

They are not necessary by six months of age

Question 10

At how many months should children be able to sleep through the night?

Answer 10

By nine months

Question 11

At 12 months old what is the average amount of sleep a child should have?

Answer 11

14 hours

Question 12

At two years old how much sleep should a child have?

Answer 12

11.4 hours

Question 13

Children ages 3 to 5 years old should have how many hours of sleep?

Answer 13

12.5

Question 14

Children ages 5 to 11 should have how many hours of sleep?

Answer 14

11 hours

Question 15

Want to neurological disorders are associated with behavioral sleep disorders and sleep disorders breathing?

Answer 15

Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 16

Untreated sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and insufficient sleep and children without neurological disorders can mimic symptoms of what?

Answer 16

ADHD

Question 17

What is the first line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Answer 17

Adeno tonsillectomy

Question 18

What are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome?

Answer 18

Premature growth restricted, not being breast-fed, not being immunized, using bumper pads in cribs, sleeping on stomach not using a pacifier

Question 19

When difficult to see the crane occurs in careful history and physical examination of what two systems should be performed?

Answer 19

Gastrointestinal and neurological assessment

Question 20

What is the safe hot water heater temperature?

Answer 20

120 degrees or lower

Question 21

What is enuresis?

Answer 21

Voluntary and involuntary urination in to bed at an age and toilet training should be complete.

Question 22

What is primary enuresis?

Answer 22

It is children who have never establish control. There is a strong family predisposition that exists

Question 23

What is secondary enuresis?

Answer 23

Occurs when children have been dry for more than 6 to 12 months then start wetting the bed again

Question 24

What is the minimum age for diagnosing a child with enuresis?

Answer 24

Five years old and they have to have one episode a month for the duration of a total of three months

Question 25

What is pollakiuria ? ( benign idiopathic urinary frequency)

Answer 25

Condition of excessive urination

Question 26

Alarm therapy for the treatment of enuresis is most effective in children with what?

Answer 26

Decreased maximal voided volumes

Question 27

What is important to know about desmopressin?

Answer 27

Most effective with children who have nocturnal polyuria. Only for short term treatment. Not recommended for children under six years old. Take on an empty stomach avoid caffeinated and carbonated beverages. Children must be awakened to urinate within 10 hours and taking the med.

Question 28

Oxybutynin is useful for what in the treatment of enuresis?

Answer 28

Most effective in children with daytime enuresis. Not recommended in children under five

Question 29

What is encopresis?

Answer 29

Fecal soiling or fecal incontinence, it is most often defined as the repetitive, voluntary or involuntary passages store after an age when a child should be able to control bowel movement. Usually four years old

Question 30

 What is needed to diagnose a child with encopresis?

Answer 30

Have to be older than four years old, fico Celine or incontinence has to occur at least once per month for at least two months prior to diagnosis

Question 31

Describe breast-fed baby stools

Answer 31

They can have 5 to 6 stools per day Can be sticky white yellow curdy with sour smell Second month of life it can decrease to just once a day Some older breast-fed babies make sure infrequently as every 8-14 days

Question 32

Formula fed babies stools are:

Answer 32

Darker, firmer, smellier. They can be green brown or dark yellow. They can have 2 to 4 stools each day in the first month. Older formula babies can have one to three semi formed stools per day