Module 4 Flashcards

Question

Intersectionality theory

Answer 1

Women experience oppression in varying configurations and in varying degrees of intensity because if the intersections is other arrangements of social inequality

Answer 2

The varied intersections of a number of arrangements of social inequality (gender, class, race, global location, sexual preference, and age) that serve to oppress women differently. Variation in these intersections qualitatively alters the experience of being woman

Answer 3

Experiences of being first or only African American in various social settings M

Answer 4

Perspective of embodied actors within groups that are differentially located in the social structure

Answer 5

Rile frequently experienced by group members when they move from the home group into the larger society.

Answer 6

Complex, no monolithic but intricately connected social activities that attempt to control human social production

Answer 7

The places where actual people act and live their lives

Answer 8

Written documents, chatterboxes by their essential anonymity, generality, or authority, that are designed to pattern and translate real-life, specific, individualized experience into a language firm acceptable to the relations of ruling

Answer 9

Ideas are foundational to feminist macro theory, integrated feminist theory, and socialist feminism

Answer 10

A type of consciousness characteristic of women that reflects the fact that for them, everyday life is divided into two realities: the reality of their actual, lived l, reflected on experience and the reality of social typifications

Answer 11

- giving other women and ourselves authority | - leaning the relate to one another

Answer 12

- “others” - Indigenous peoples live within a nations state, like the Palestinians - multiculturalism others anyone who is non-white while promoting white maleness as the standard

Answer 13

The Dictionary of Critical Sociology defines patriarchy as "A system in which gender relations are highly stratified; males are given a monopoly over economic power, social power, moral power and the use of physical force. Women are held to be inferior in intellect and in moral capacities; thus in need of control and guidance by putatively superior males."21 However, as Moghadam suggests in her article Patriarchy in Transition: women and the changing family in the Middle East,22 the concept of patriarchy has many facets, from the ‘private’ patriarchy we are most familiar with, where the rule of the father guides the family, to ‘public’ patriarchy where the state participates in the subordination of women through social policies which make women’s financial independence difficult if not impossible.

Answer 14

"An ideology is a set of ideas that structure a group's notions of reality, a system of representations or a code of meanings governing how individual and groups see the world."23 This set of ideas is so ‘taken-for-granted,’ that individuals and social groups cannot even consider that other sets of ideas have any validity. Dillman has an excellent section on ideology at: http://www.rdillman.com/HFCL/TUTOR

Answer 15

this concept denotes "an "uneasiness" that results as women attempt to negotiate two mismatched worlds (dominant knowledge concepts verses lived experience), represents the unique standpoint of women, of the oppressed. This unique standpoint, or perspective, holds the potential for viewing a more inclusive, or complete, picture of what is going on from the position below, an awareness of both worlds, not limited to one."24

Answer 16

this is a perspective, a location in time and space from which to examine and reflect on the world around us and as Lengermann and Niebrugge state that, it is the product of a group of people who, through their shared experiences and knowledge over time, have developed a similar conception of their social world and of others in that world. As Smith explains, "We must remember that as we begin from the world as we actually experience it, we are located and that what we know of the world, of the 'other,' is conditional upon that location as part of a relation comprehending the other's location also."25 Em Griffin illustrates standpoint by referring to E. B. Du Bois's famous notion of "double consciousness" from The Souls of Black Folk, originally published in 1903, suggesting that black people not only know their own standpoint, but also the standpoint of the dominant group. He quotes Du Bois: "It is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity" (New York: Penguin, 1989, p. 5). Griffin also quotes James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man, originally published in 1912, "I believe it to be a fact that the coloured people of this country know and understand the white people better than the white people know and understand them" (New York: Vintage-Random, 1989, p.20).26

Answer 17

an approach that suggests that knowledge grounded in the standpoints of women and other marginalized groups is more complete than knowledge based merely on the perspectives of the dominant group, even though this knowledge is thought to be abstract and objective. "Feminist standpoint theory derives from the Marxist position that the socially oppressed class can access knowledge unavailable to the socially privileged, particularly knowledge of social relations. As feminist standpoint theory has developed, it has focused more on the political nature of the standpoint (for example a "feminist" standpoint rather than a "women’s" standpoint), and it has attempted to attend to the diversity of women by incorporating the standpoints of other marginalized groups. Extremely influential in feminist approaches to social science (particularly sociology), standpoint theory remains as controversial as it is insightful."27 Despite the controversy, it is difficult to argue with the conclusion that taking the perspective of the marginalized person gives the researcher the possibility of asking new kinds of questions and reaching different kinds of conclusions than research that is done from the dominant group’s point of view.

Answer 18

Devault and McCoy (2001) describe institutional ethnography as ‘the empirical investigation of linkages among local settings of everyday life, organizations, and translocal processes of administration,"28 in other words, a process of gathering knowledge that attempts to join micro-social and macro-social levels of investigation. Drawing on the work of ethnomethodologists, institutional ethnography tries to understand how people’s everyday experiences are organized around the practices of work, education, health care, etc. and also how people participate in producing these. For example, what is the impact on a visible minority female worker that all or most management positions are held by white males, or that all the organization’s regulations are written in a language that she does not understand, in words that are not part of her vocabulary? Dorothy Smith also gives the example of the building of a dam, whose hydro electric power is part of the province’s economic long term economic plan, but whose impact on the everyday lives of First Nations people is often not recorded.29 Institutional ethnography relies on a broad notion of work, a critique of ideological practices, and the notion of social relations to link local investigations to more translocal relations. Institutional ethnography relies on concepts such as relations of ruling (including how these relations are organized through laws, social policies, organizational regulations and other generalized, impersonal texts), and depends on the recording of the local actualities of lived experience, the authentic activities of real people.

Answer 19

"A concept of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) which refers to the way that the political and social domination of the bourgeois class in capitalist society is pervasively expressed not only in ideologies but in all realms of culture and social organization. Gramsci brings together the manufacturing of consent and coercion in the social organization of ruling. The comprehensive expression of the values of class-divided society in social life lends this form of society an appearance of naturalness and inevitability that removes it from examination, criticism, and challenge. While arising in the analysis of a class-divided society the term is also used in discussion of a patriarchal society or a colonial society."

Answer 20

this term refers to how people talk about the world around them; a basic assumption is that the way people talk about their world merely reflects the success of some social group in promoting their ways of thinking and seeing the world.

Answer 21

the private sphere refers to that area of space and time that is occupied by the individual and the family. It contrasts with the public sphere which occupies public interactions, such as education, business, government, and community activities.

Module 4 Flashcards

(45 cards)