Module 4 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Who defined planning as primarily a way of thinking about socio-economic problems, oriented predominantly toward the future, is deeply concerned with the relation of goals to collective decisions and strives for comprehensiveness in policy and program?
A
Friedman
2
Q
Who defined planning as a sequence of actions which are designed to solve problems in the future. Planning problems tend to be social and economic. Time horizon of the future varies according to the type and level of planning?
A
Glasson
3
Q
Who defined planning as deliberately achieving some objective by assembling actions into some orderly
sequence?
A
Hall
4
Q
Who defined planning as art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience, and beauty
A
Keeble
5
Q
Who defined planning as to do with property and land, and therefore with money. Highly political activity inextricably linked with prevailing economic system, and reflective,
in policy-making, of the booms and slumps of the property market
A
Greed
6
Q
Who defined planning as a comprehensive, long-range and multi-sectoral effort to attain a set of goals
by deciding upon a mix of alternative strategies; It may have a time frame of 3 to 30 years
A
Serote
7
Q
______ is the sequential process consisting of stages and activities strategically designed to effectively achieve pre-set goals and objectives.
A
Planning
8
Q
Refers to the rational and judicious approach of allocating available land
resources to different land using activities, (e.g. agricultural, residential, industrial) and for different functions consistent with the overall development vision/goal of a particular
locality.
A
Land Use Planning
9
Q
It entails the detailed process of determining the location and area of land required for the implementation of social and economic development, policies, plans, programs and projects.
It is based on consideration of physical planning standards, development vision, goals and objective, analysis of actual and potential physical conditions of land and development constraints and opportunities.
A
Land Use Planning
10
Q
The primary purpose of planning is to generate information useful to decision makers on consequences of alternative actions. Urban & Regional Planning is “________” -
creating livable human spaces and natural communities
A
Place-Making
11
Q
Defines power of the government (federal, state, sub-state, city, township, village)
A
Constitutional Framework
12
Q
Government has the right to take property for public purposes; payment of just compensation, due process of law
A
Power of Eminent Domain
13
Q
Government has the right to impose taxes
A
Power of Taxation
14
Q
Regulate activities of the private parties to protect the interest of the people – health, safety, public welfare
A
Police Power
15
Q
Timeframe / Duration of Plan:
Short Term: ______?
Medium Term: ________?
Long Range: ________? (for CLUP), ________? (Masterplan)
A
1-3 years, 5-7 years, 10-30 years, 20-50 years
16
Q
Type and Level of Planning of:
Environmental: _______?
Economic: ________?
Social: _________?
Physical: ________?
Institutional and Fiscal Management: _________?
A
Regional/Sub-Regional/Micro-Regional, Local, Local, National/Sub-National/Metropolitan, Local
17
Q
Shifts in Modern Planning:
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After:
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-
A
Before:
- Product-Oriented
- All-inclusive
- Compartmental
- “Agency-Led”
- “Top-Down
- Open Participation
After:
- Process-Oriented
- Strategic
- Integrated
- Community-Based
- Bottom-Up
- Focused Participation
18
Q
Their role is to shape the physical layout of settlements (towns, cities and regions). They are primarily concerned with problems with spatial (or geographic) dimension.
A
Planners
19
Q
The General Planning Process:
- defining objectives and identifying constraints (political, social, economic, etc.)
- listing of possible solutions and estimating costs and benefits of the alternatives using a predetermined criteria
- specifying a sequence of activities to realize the plan
- determining if plans have been properly implemented
and the extent to which they have produced the desired outcome
A
- Problem Structuring
- Identification of Alternative Responses
- Implementation
- Monitoring and Evaluation
20
Q
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Requires quantifiable tools as well as subjective creativity.
A
Science and Art
21
Q
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Requires the expertise of various disciplines; economics; engineering; sociology; architecture; law; geography etc.
A
Multi-Disciplinary
22
Q
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Covers all aspects of man/women and his/her environment; physical, social, economic, political administration and the natural environment; participatory
A
Comprehensive
23
Q
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Changes overtime, technological change; cultural norms and traditions;
not static; responsive to new demands and needs of people.
A
Dynamic
24
Q
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Plan is prepared, approved, implemented; reviewed
and evaluated; replan again based on new demands of the time.
A
Continuous / Iterative
25
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Values the engagement of MULTI-SECTORAL stakeholders.
Participatory
26
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Unending process; Always goes back to where it started; Were
the problems solved? Goals and objectives attained? At what level of satisfaction?
Cyclic / Spiral
27
Attributes of the Planning Process:
Plan must have a time perspective; short, medium, long range;
Basis for plan review and assessment.
Time Bound
28
Devolution of powers from national to LGUs, Empowered the LGUs to pursue development plans, Gave authority to manage the growth and guide development within its own territorial jurisdiction, Bottom-up approach
RA 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)
29
For compliance with the applicable provisions of the LGC, Limit LGU-mandated plans to CLUP and CDP, NGAs to dovetail their requirements with the local planning system, Less technocratic, more participatory and consultative
Rationalization
30
Dual Role of the Government:
Political Unit, Corporate Body
31
Management of Territorial Jurisdiction for and in behalf of the national government. Effective partner of national government for the attainment of national goals.
Political Unit
32
Represents the inhabitants, delivery of basic services, promotion of the general welfare
Corporate Body
33
Performing planning functions involves
addressing the following issues:
- Who is in charge?
- Why should LGUs plan?
- How are the plans
prepared?
- What are the tools for
plan implementation?
- Local Planning Structure
- Plan or Plans are mandated to produce
- Processes produce the desired plan outputs
- The TOOLS/LEVERS for plan implementation
34
Components of the Local Planning System:
1. Planning Structure
2. Mandated Plans
3. Planning Process
4. Plan Implementation
35
- Composed mainly of elective officials
- Policy-making body which defines the
content & direction of local
development
- Main function is to deliberate to take
decisions or lay down policies
Political Component
36
- Supplies the technical content &
process of planning
- Generally has no decision-making
powers
Technical Component
37
That the territorial & political subdivisions of the State shall
enjoy genuine & meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities & make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals. (LGC, Sec 2a)
Declaration of Policies
38
Every LGU is a body politic & corporate
endowed with powers to be exercised by it in conformity with law. As such, it shall exercise powers as a political subdivision of the National Government and as a corporate entity representing the inhabitants of its territory. (LGC, Sec 15)
Political and Corporate Nature of LGUs
39
Local government units shall ______ with the National Government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction, subject to the provisions of this Code and national policies (Sec 3i)
Share
40
- Framework for the management of local territories
- Long-term guide for the physical development of the area
- Dictates development, directs investments
- Enacted through ZO to become a statutory plan with legally enforceable provisions
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
41
- Plan prepared by the LGU in its capacity as a corporate body
- Short-term action plan to implement the CLUP
- Comprehensiveness covers the 5 development sector
- Addresses all development concerns of the inhabitants
- Used as a guide to craft the Executive Legislative Agenda
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
42
Plan Implementation
Authority Levers:
A. Regulation
B. Taxation
C. Public Investments
D. Private Investment Incentives
E. Co-Management
F. Acquisition
43
The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good. To this end, the State shall regulate the acquisition, ownership, use, and disposition of property and its increments.
Rationale for State Regulation of Land Use
44
The local government units shall, in
conformity with existing laws, continue to prepare their respective comprehensive land use plans enacted through zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources: Provided, That the requirements
for food production, human settlements, and industrial expansion shall be taken into consideration in the preparation of such plans.
Regulation of Land Use Devolved to LGUs
45
Local government units shall share with the national government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction, subject to the provisions of this Code and national policies
Co-Management
46
The State shall manage land resources to ensure equity and social justice by regulating ownership, acquisition, disposition and use of land.
- The State, through local governments, shall regulate the use of land to
promote distributive justice and the common good.
- The national and local governments shall jointly manage land resources to
maintain ecological balance.
Land Use Management
47
- _______? – covers all territorial domains; and four land use policy areas:
settlements, infrastructures, protection areas, and production areas
- Policy guide for regulation of land uses within the LGU territory
- Plan for the long-term management of the local territory
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance as LGU Tool for Land Use Regulation, Comprehensive
48
Shall refer to the use of land primarily for rehabilitation, conservation, and protection purposes and the promotion of the country's ecological and
life-support systems. Planning for protection land use intends to achieve environmental stability and ecological integrity, ensure a balance between resource use and the preservation of some areas with environmental, aesthetic, educational, cultural and historical significance, and protect people and human-made structures from the ill effects of natural
hazards.
Protection Land Use
49
Shall refer to the direct and indirect utilization of land resources
for crop, fishery, livestock and poultry production, agroforestry, mining, industry, energy development, and tourism.
Production Land Use
50
Shall refer to any improvement on existing settlements in urban and rural areas or any proposed development of certain areas for settlement
purposes involving the spatial distribution of population, identification of the roles and functions of key urban centers, determination of relationships among settlement areas, and
the provision of basic services and facilities to such settlement.
Settlements Development
51
Shall refer to the availability or supply of basic services and fostering of economic and other forms of integration necessary for producing or
obtaining the material requirements 9f Filipinos, in an efficient, responsive, safe and ecologically friendly built environment. It, covers sub-sectors of transportation, communications, indigenous energy exploration and development, water resources, and
social infrastructure.
Infrastructure Development
52
The _______ acts as the
highest policy making body on land use and shall function as a standing committee under NEDA. It shall have a quasi-judicial function to resolve land use conflicts between or among agencies, branches or levels of the government, among other
functions.
Land Use Policy Council (LUPC)
53
The 12-step process of HLURB provides the general procedures from which the LGU planning team can proceed with the CLUP and ZO preparation. While the process is ________ it also reiterates the importance of gathering information to provide a more realistic basis for and effectively formulate the city/municipality vision. Step 3 (_____) and Step 4 (_______) therefore, may be carried out interchangeably.
Vision-Oriented, Set the Vision, Analyze the Situation
54
- Designed to address market failures
- Frequently conditions for “perfect market are not met”
- Many buyers and sellers, ability to exclude, homogeneous products, costless entry and exit in markets, perfect information, inputs and outputs fully divisible, full internalization of consequences of production and consumption, constant returns to
scale
Land Use Controls
55
Land Use Controls are used to manage:
- Negative externalities
- External benefits
- Public goods
- Services with big scale economies (natural monopoly)
- Equity and distribution
56
LGU Authority Levers for Plan Implementation:
- Zoning (Locational Clearance)
- Subdivision Regulation (“Deeds of
Restrictions”)
- Building Regulation (Building
Permit, Building Code oversight)
- Environmental Law Enforcement
ordinances – trees, signs, grading,
air quality
Regulation
57
LGU Authority Levers for Plan Implementation:
- Basic Taxes
- Special Levies on Property - Idle
Lands Tax
- Impact Fees
- Special Benefit Levy
- Special Education Fund
Taxation
58
LGU Authority Levers for Plan Implementation:
- Fee Simple Purchase
- Dedications
- Eminent Domain
Acquisition
59
LGU Authority Levers for Plan Implementation:
- Expenditure
- Local Development Investment
Program / Annual Investment Plan
Public Investment
60
LGU Authority Levers for Plan Implementation:
- Fiscal Policies
- Joint Ventures
- B-O-T Schemes
Private Investment Incentives
61
- Significantly influence the complex process of city building
- Sets out detailed directives, prescriptions and proscriptions enforced by the local government unit for compliance by all.
- Aims to protect development against the intrusion of undesirable or improper uses and help enhance values
Importance of Regulation
62
Laws of the Indies was codified from the regulations of Charles II (1519-1556)
and Philip II (1556- 598) and included land use regulations which guided
establishment of towns and cities
1573
63
The General Welfare Clause addressing the ff concerns: promotion of health and safety, improvement of public morals, and the preservation of the comfort and convenience of their inhabitants
Present Constitution
64
Devolution of powers from the national to local government units
Local Government Code
65
Conventional Land Use Tools:
- Zoning
- Subdivision Control
- Other Regulations
66
- Plan for the management of local territories.
* Planning as function of LGU as a political unit;
* Sanggunian as responsible for making
- Must be vertically integrated : PPFP, RPFP, NFPP
- Long-term guide for the physical development of the local area, the framework for the management and co-management of the local territory.
- Once enacted into a ZO, it becomes a statutory plan whose provisions are not
merely indicative but are legally enforceable
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
67
The main cause of confusion is because
the LGC requires ___? plans.
2
68
______ can be regarded as the skeletal circulatory framework of the LGUs’ physical dev’t defining where development can and cannot be located.
The _____ is the action plan utilized by the LGU to develop and implement plans and programs per sector.
CLUP, CDP
69
CLUP needs a _____ to guide the formulation of short term program to ensure continuity, rationality and stability
Long Term Plan
70
How do you keep CLUP from being shelved?
The answer is having DIFFERENT and SEPARATE CLUP and CDP; once the CLUP becomes a ZO it is a law which remains in effect even after the term of officials without going through proper legislative procedures: CLUP cannot be attributed to a particular admin... it’s the people’s plan.
71
CLUP Contents:
- leave no part of territory unplanned and without policy cover; built vs unbuilt part of the LGU
- built and unbuilt combo = spatial strategy
- chosen urban form as basis for location of land uses; to ensure horizontal integration; review by PLUC
- CLUP as a location guide for LU activities hence the LGC requires CLUP to be ZO
- Four Policy Areas
- Desired Urban Form
- Lu Policy Framework
- Zoning Ordinance
72
- The plan with which the LGU promotes the general welfare of its inhabitants in its capacity as a corporate body.
- Must cover the development sectors to be comprehensive
- Time frame may be multi-year but a part should be taken as co-terminus with the term of the elective local officials so that it can serve as an input to their ELA
- Consolidates sectoral programs and projects
- CDP is the plan prepared by the LGUs in its capacity as a corporate body = no need for higher bodies to review and approve
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
73
_____ as action plan and an implementing instrument of CLUP
CDP
74
Improve state of wellbeing of the local population & upgrade the quality of social services standards
Social Development Plan
75
Ensure sound state of the local economy; investments
Economic Sector
76
Dual role in local development – lays physical base of socio- economic development; provides infrastructure support
Infrastructure
77
Implications on the environment
Environmental Management
78
Bureaucracy, capacity to manage local territory
Institutional Sector
79
Issues shared by one or two sectors
Cross-Sectoral Concerns
80
- An image of a desired state in the future
- Serves as the driving force that moves the entire city/municipality towards the
achievement of a common development direction
- Provides the overall guidance and focus in the succeeding stages of the planning process
CLUP-CDP Vision Statement
81
Components of a Vision Statement:
- a desired role the LGU can play or the best contribution it can make to the development of the nation, the region and the province of which the LGU is an integral part
- a desired state of the LGU as an environment for its inhabitants to live in and where they can make a living.
- Role in a Wider Region
- A Desired Human Habitat
82
- The designation of zones or districts by the local government units shall be based on their comprehensive land use plan (CLUP). Essentially, therefore, the technical justifications of zoning lie with the planning activities that led to the formulation of the CLUP. (Model Zoning Ordinance of HLURB)
- The division of the city into districts or zones & prescribing regulations for the use of each district or zone (HLURB)
- The regulation by districts under police power of the height, bulk, and use of
buildings, the use of the land, and the density of population.
Zoning
83
______ is the real power behind planning, and it is ______ that give teeth to planning ideals and objectives. Planning as such cannot require that land be used in a particular manner, but ______ can.
Zoning
84
Color Code for:
- Residential
- Commercial
- Infrastructure / Utilities
- Institutional
- Parks
- Industrial
- Agriculture
- Forest
- Mining / Quarrying
- Grassland / Pasture
- Agro-Industrial
- Tourism
- Water Uses
- Yellow
- Red
- Gray
- Blue
- Light Green
- Violet
- Green
- Dark Green
- Brown
- Olive Green
- Light-Violet
- Orange
- Light Blue
85
Permit only single family detached houses. These zones limit population density by allowing only 20 dwelling units or less per hectare. Maximum allowable height of structures is 10m above natural grade line in the property or front sidewalk (3 storeys and below)
Low Density Residential Zone (R1)
86
Permit only buildings and structures for
human occupancy with a density of 21 – 65 dwelling units per hectare. Maximum allowable height of structures is 21m above highest natural grade line in the property or front sidewalk (4-7 storeys)
Medium Density Residential Zone (R2)
87
Permit only buildings and structures for human occupancy with a density of 66 or more dwelling units per hectare. Maximum allowable height is 8 or more storeys provided it conforms with the zone’s prescribed FAR (based on the
absolute level of density that the area’s transportation and other utility networks can support.
High Density Residential Zone (R3)
88
Accommodate the retail and personal services shops needed in residential neighborhood; principally for trade, services and business activities ordinarily referred to as the CBD.
Low Density Commercial Zone (C1)
89
Allows a wider range of local retail and service establishment than C1 and are intended to serve a wider neighborhood; with quasi-trade business activities and service industries performing complementary/supplementary functions to CBD.
Medium Density Commercial Zone (C2)
90
Zoned for regional shopping centers such as large malls and other large commercial activities which are regional in scope or whose market activities generate traffic and requires utilities and services that extend beyond local
boundaries and requires metropolitan level development planning and implementation. High rise hotels, sports stadium or sports complexes are also allowable in this zone.
High Density Commercial Zone (C3)
91
A subdivision of an area principally for non-pollutive/non-hazardous and non-pollutive/hazardous industries.
Light Industrial Zone (I1)
92
An area for pollutive/non-hazardous and
pollutive/hazardous industries.
Medium Industrial Zone (I2)
93
For the following types of industries:
a. Highly pollutive/non-hazardous
b. Highly pollutive/hazardous
c. Highly pollutive/extremely hazardous
d. Pollutive/extremely hazardous
e. Non-pollutive/ extremely hazardous
Heavy Industrial Zone (I3)
94
Regulatory process that controls the location and intensity of specific land uses. It is based on the _______ of the State to regulate private actions to
promote health, safety and welfare of the public.
Zoning, Police Power
95
Zoning Regulates:
- activities permitted within zone
- envelope in which building must fit—specified through setbacks, building
coverage, building heights, floor area ratio (ratio of building to lot square footage)
- performance standards, or impacts a building is allowed to produce; biggest example is parking spaces
- Use
- Bulk
- Performance / Impact
96
- The most common and most traditional; named after Euclid, Ohio.
- Regulates development thru land use classifications and dimensional standards.
- Each land use must comply with dimensional standards that regulate the height, bulk and area of structures (setbacks, sideyards, height limits, minimum lot sizes, and
lot coverage limits).
- Aims to provide orderly growth, prevent overcrowding of land and people, alleviate congestion, and separate incompatible uses
- Characterized by the segregation of land uses into specified geographic districts and dimensional standards stipulating limitations on development activity within each
type of district.
- Criticized due to its lack of flexibility and somewhat outdated planning theory.
- Commonly practiced in the Philippines
- Features: pre-determined land use, spelled out in advance what types of
development, standards, requirements are allowed or disallowed
Euclidean or Conventional Zoning
97
- Regulates the effects or impact of land uses through performance standards (such as traffic flow, density, noise and access to light and air). Developers can build almost any building that meets the performance standards for that district
- Allows for a great deal of flexibility which makes it a very useful tool, but also difficult to administer.
Performance Zoning
98
- As the name implies, this offers a reward (usually in the form of increased density) to a developer who does something "extra" that is in the community's interest (such as more open space) or promotes a public goal (such as affordable housing).
- Allows for a high degree of flexibility, but it can be complex to administer.
Incentive Zoning
99
- Regulates Building Form, Not Land Use
- A form-based code aims to curb urban sprawl, promote pedestrian safety, and
preserve the fabric of historic neighborhoods.
- It places more emphasis on regulating the form and scale of buildings and their
placement along and within public spaces (such as sidewalks, street trees, street furniture).
Form-Based Codes
100
- Incentives such as density bonuses for Mixture of uses
- Complementarity of uses
- Integratedness and walkability
- To preserve open space
Cluster Zoning or Mixed Use or Transect Zoning (from New Urbanism)
101
- Essentially sets aside the overall principles and objectives of a Plan
- At macro-scale, it can result positively in “mixture of uses”
- But can also end up negatively – e.g. ‘cybersex-den at the middle of an university
district’
- Arbitrary on the part of zoning officers – can be a cause of graft
Spot Zoning
102
The property is unique and different from other properties in the adjacent locality and because of its uniqueness, the owner cannot obtain a reasonable return on the property. A mitigating device, or a discretionary permit given to a project proponent allowing him to
proceed with the use of his property or development of project, despite its noncompliance with the physical standards because of technical difficulties.
Variance
103
- Will not adversely affect the public health safety and welfare and is in
keeping with the general pattern of development in the community
- The proposed project shall support economic based activities, provide livelihood, vital community services and facilities while at the same time posing no adverse effect on the
zone/community
- Will not adversely affect the appropriate use of adjoining property in the same district.
- Will not alter the essential character and general purpose of the district
where the exception sought is located
- An authorization granting a property owner relief from ZO provisions because the specific zoned use will result in hardship for the owner
Exception
104
The ________ of exception and variance is necessary to reduce the possible harshness that may result from the enforcement of the Ordinance. The LGU concerned shall consider the
capacity of utility and transport systems.
Granting
105
Shall enforce and administer the Zoning Ordinance through the Zoning Administrator/ Zoning Officer
Local Chief Executive
106
- Issuance of Locational Clearance
- Recommend to LZBAA the grant or denial of applications for variances and
exceptions and the issuance of Certificate of Non-Conformance for non-conforming projects
- Monitor on-going/ existing projects
- Call/coordinate with the PNP for the enforcement of all orders and processes issued in the ZO implementation
- Coordinate with Fiscal/ Attorney for other legal actions/ remedies
Enforcement
107
- Coordinate with HLURB regarding proposed amendments to the Zoning Ordinances prior to adoption by the Sanggunian
Planning
108
An administrative regulatory
agency of the local government that exercises both original and appellate functions in the implementation of the local zoning ordinance.
- Act on appeals from decisions of the Local Zoning Administrator
- Act on applications on
* Variances
* Exceptions
* Nonconforming Uses
* Complaints and Opposition to Applications
Local Zoning Board of Adjustment and Appeals (LZBAA)
109
In the event of nonavailability of any of the officials enumerated above, the Sanggunian shall elect the number of its members as maybe necessary to meet the total number above set forth
as representatives. Pending the organization of an LZBAA, the ______, through its Regional Offices shall act and
perform the functions of the LZBAA
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
110
- Land as a natural resource
- Subject to ownership
- Bundle of rights (use, dispose, transfer, exclude others)
- But since not everyone can own land, then those who are able to obtain title are indeed privileged members of the society. Ownership therefor is less of a right than a privilege, hence the ______? is a tax not on the use of the land but on the privilege of owning it. Although the basis of assessment is the actual use, tax is levied on the person who is in possession of the property
Taxes on Real Property / Real Property Tax
111
The additional 1% tax on real property accruing to ____ is similarly a revenue raising measure which is exclusively for the maintenance and operation of public schools. Administered by the local school boards who have the exclusive authority to determine and approve the disposition of the proceeds of the _____.
Special Education Fund (SEF)
112
- An additional imposition of ____ on the assessed value of lands considered as idle. Idle lands are defined according to whether they are classified as agricultural or urban.
- Rationale is to promote efficient and optimum utilization of land
- The prospect of increased RPT
- To influence pattern & direction of development
- Make the owners realize that it is counter-productive to keep their land idle or underutilized
Idle Lands Tax, 5%
113
Idle if it is _______ and _____ of which is unutilized for agriculture. Exempted from this are: agricultural lands planted to permanent or perennial crops w/ at least 50 trees to a hectare & lands for grazing.
Agri Lands, Less than 1 Hectare, Half
114
Idle if it is ______ , ______ of which remains unutilized or unimproved. Individual owners of subdivision lots regardless of the size are liable
to this imposition. Exemption include force majeure, civil disturbance, natural
calamity and any circumstance that would physically or legally prevent the owner from utilizing or improving the property in question.
Urban Land, Less than 1k sqm, half
115
An assessment of lands that are specially benefited by public works projects, whether new construction or basic improvement. Allows the government to recover as much as
60% of the cost of the projects from contributions by the owners of the lands that stand to benefit tremendously as a result of the project in the form of increased land values.
Special Benefit Levy
116
If planning entails public control over the pattern of development in a given territorial jurisdiction, there is no more effective way to realize the socially desirable use of lands than for those lands to be in the possession and control of the government.
Eminent Domain Proceedings
117
The advanced acquisition and consolidation of lands identified in the
CLUP and CDP as areas for urban expansion.
Land Banking
118
- Powerful tool to shape local development in accordance with the chosen urban form
- Double-edged authority lever: improves quality of public services & influences private sector investment.
Public Investment Programming
119
A study and recording of the way in which land is being used in an area used for:
- Identifying land use issues
- Reconciling competing land uses
- Spot zoning
- For land use planning
Land Use Surveys
120
- A form of direct observation which involves making visual observations of a
neighborhood or community while driving— literally “looking through the windshield.”
- Relatively inexpensive, time-efficient method for assessing the social environment of a community.
- Used to gain a better understanding of the environment being studied to provide insight to the resources available in a community.
Windshield Surveys
121
- Information system at the local level
- Minimum analysis for maximum value
- Limitations: SEP is a snapshot of LGU at a given time: precludes change
- Geographical distribution of data is not constant
- Gives cursory treatment to physical environment
- For completeness of coverage = EP 5 sectoral headings
Ecological Profile (EP) / Eco-Profiling
122
Eco Profile contains info about the following:
1. Population and social services
2. The local economy
3. Physical and spatial database
4. Environment and natural resources
5. Local government’s capability for planning and management
123
_______, despite its usefulness as a general reference does not indicate change over time. It needs 2 or more edition to identify changes within the
development sectors of the LGU. It can also be used as an indicator if the vision and LGU planning objectives are
being met.
Ecological Profile
