Module 4 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Can be illustrated in two important ways:
} Distance of contacts from an origin
} Frequency of contacts at a particular distance from the origin
Propensity for Interaction
Cartographic portrayals of the consequences of interaction propensities
Flow Maps
Movement is ____?
Purposive
____ made on the basis of preferences and prejudices
Prejudgments
_____ result in patterns of place avoidance and place preference
Personal Images of Reality
_____ is most conveniently accomplished with a map
Space Searching
} Subjective image that is an integral part of our consciousness
} Information is not standardized
} No conventional signs or symbols
} Scale is highly distorted
Mental Maps
Psychological representations of places
Cognitive Images
The Real World -> _____ -> _____ -> ______ ->______?
- Information (Senses)
- Perception (Brain and Personality)
- Cognition (Culture)
- Recall (Transformed Cognitive Image)
} Known land/known world
} ____ affect the accuracy of knowledge
Terra Cognita, Distance Decay
- Status of cartography degenerated
- Latitudes, longitudes, astronomical measurements and projections were
forgotten
Roman Era
§ Theological considerations influenced space perception
§ Holy Land occupied and enormous area, paradise is located at the top of the map
Middle Ages
_____ are often not portrayed cartographically
Subjective Image
Studied individual’s perceptions of geographic space
Peter Gould
_____ made by individuals are related to the differential
evaluations they place upon various portions of their potential action space
Locational Decisions
} Subjective image are often not portrayed cartographically
} Peter Gould: Studied individual’s perceptions of geographic space
§ Locational decisions made by individuals are related to the differential
evaluations they place upon various portions of their potential action space
} Preferred area is the home region itself
} Steady decline in perceived desirability
} New Mexico gets an unusually low ratings in contrast to its neighboring states
} Implications for workers/immigrants
Nations and Regions
} Image of the city (Kevin Lynch)
} Well-travelled paths contribute to the formation of city images
} Some areas are deemphasized or ignored
} Not all city streets are perceived as paths even though they are usable for city travel
The City
} Area which contains the majority of destinations of a particular individual
} Subspace within the mental map
} Frequently tends to be discontinuous
Action Space
Determinants of the dimensions of Action Space:
Locational pattern of potential destinations
Time constraints
Cost Constraints
Regardless of the dimension of the action space, intensity of contacts ____ with distance from the home base
Decrease
§ Two individuals belonging to the same socioeconomic rank but to two contrasting
cultural groups may be expected to have interaction propensities
§ Differences in location of contacts and action spaces
Cultural Variations in Action Spaces
§ Opted for the nearest available source for low order convenience activities
§ Highly selective in their choice of destinations for high-order services
§ interaction propensities are not always motivated by the desire to minimize
distance or the cost of overcoming it
French Canadians and English Canadians
} Study of movement patterns of the individual at the metropolitan, nation and world
level is a physical impossibility
} Adequate generalizations cannot result from the study of the travel behavior of
specific individuals
} Preferred approach is to search for regularities in human behavior
Empirical Regularities in the Propensity for Interaction
Action Space and the Role of Distance:
- Distance Decay Functions
- Tobler’s First Law / Distance Decay:
- Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than
distant things.
- Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than
