Module 4-5 Flashcards

Question

Where and what is El-Amarna?

Answer 1

Between Memphis and Thebes. | it used to be the capital when Akhenaten ruled.

Answer 2

``` perishable architecture destruction of habitation remains by the Nile River, some settlements razed, modern urban sprawl Research bias(from previous researchers about the Western definition of a "civilization"(Childe definition). ```

Answer 3

It is a greek name meaning "city" or "southern city"

Answer 4

It justifies his right to rule and to be a God like his father. Since Amun-Ra is now considered a God, then his whole family became divinities as well

Answer 5

Ancient Luxor was a temple surrounded by residential neighborhoods(cosmological layout) having a total of 90 000 inhabitants. Modern Luxor is now flooded and below land level so no excavation is possible.

Answer 6

He was a god and had a statue within the precincts of Karnak(his temple in East Thebes) He took care of his statue and dressed it up, fed it, sought advice and guidance to it. He even took it outside. When he was absent, the highest priest did it for him.

Answer 7

Precincts(walls) were as high as 400 meters Precincts meant a division between the sacred and the profane

Answer 8

Yes, Mut had one in East Thebes as well.

Answer 9

Amun-Ra, Mut and Moon god Khonsu

Answer 10

They were situated in the Hypostyle Hall at Amun Precinct before his sanctuary. They were columns intended to represent the swamp of Reeds

Answer 11

It was near the Nile River and signified the start of life. | Many Papyrus Reeds flourished there.

Answer 12

Most cities were destroyed, so we cannot affirm that there was no civilization. It was an agricultural civilization, which means that most villages do not have monumental structures. Child says that it is a requirement of a civilization yet this does not apply to the Egyptian Kingdom.

Answer 13

(second hand research) She wanted to find out what were the functions and the purposes of the rooms in a typical house in Deir el-Medina(The Workers' Village) Intentionality and cultural organization of the houses to understand social interactions and gender relations Also by analyzing features(religious) in the rooms, their order, their leveling and some artifacts

Answer 14

RQ: Are the rooms exclusive to one gender? Problems: Should have a more nuanced look at our male and female stances. Not all people are the same, we need to consider stages of life, status and wealth. Rooms back then don't hold the same meanings with our perspective of rooms now. The size of the room doesn't represent the function of the room Arguments: Representations of divine figures and artifacts related to rituals enabled her to distinguish many functions of some rooms and allowed her to associate which rooms served to which gender.

Answer 15

``` 1st room = Women and possibly Women and Men Was white(purity), had a female goddess representing childbirth and fertility, had a lit-clos where (1) could have been a place where women gave birth/stayed when they had menstruations or (2) a bed where a couple slept on. ``` The 2nd room = Divan Room for men Was on a higher level, had built-in cultic cupboards + stelae with defunct male names, was red(religious color: power, dead) According to her, the 2nd room was a place for men to communicate with the dead and to receive male guests to exchange whatever conversations, False door = shrine Cellar + Stairs leading up to a rooftop Where people would sleep when it was too hot inside + had chickens in cages 3rd = more storage, workroom(Assigned to lower class people(maids, slaves)) and adjacent bedroom 4th = Women, Servants Kitchen ware and food storage was found Back of the house = Servants Where they could sleep or do other things + Cellar

Answer 16

Men rooms were a very religious place and women would probably have no access to it. However, it is not possible to determine whether women or kids had access to it when the men was not home

Answer 17

Associated Triad : Had shrines dedicated to Amun-Ra, his wife and his son.

Answer 18

Entrance : Pylon, obelisques, walls of sand; painted glory of the King Peristyle Court of Ramses II

Answer 19

Celebrated Akhet Celebration of fertility, also the divine birth and coronation of kings, and transformation of his ka(life force) Could last up to 27 days Name is a reference to the innermost chamber of Ipset-Resyt, the southern temple at Luxor. Barques were paraded by priests to represent shrines Carried on water or on land The Triple barque shrine at Luxor gave priests a chance to rest Egyptians believed that the power of the universe would replenish if the Festival is carried on properly e.g. Power for Ra to carry the Sun, Pharaoh to continue to rule People could consult the statue, the high priest Gave the chance to ordinary people to see the Pharaoh and the Gods, usually in their temples Dignities could enter the Luxor and Karnak

Answer 20

It was in Greater Thebes(crossing the living -> dead -> living) Analogy to Weasley's cosmology theory

Answer 21

Hidden catacombs dug in mountains and protected from stealers Mortuary Centers devoted to the Pharoah's cult and Amun-Ra as a father Granaries and some other places Administrated the estates of the late-King Barques went there

Answer 22

walls depicted her military prowess, that she was the daughter of Amun; it was mostly destroyed by his step-son

Answer 23

The Ramesseum was a big complex

Answer 24

Sacred barques carrying Amun, Mut and Khonsu are brought from Karnak to Western Thebes; carried to shrines in the royal mortuary complexes Associated with death, rebirth, and fertility

Answer 25

Literate residents There's a cemetery(400 ppl) Is not really a worker village, b/c there are craftsmen and administrative workers Men worked 8 times a week(10 days), so Deir el-Medina was mostly a women and children ground

Answer 26

Ostraca: pieces of scrap paper

Answer 27

Chambers, tombs(normal people), paintings show ordinary people worshipping gods)

Answer 28

Benefits: Pride to live in such a "grandiose" city Protected from volcanoes Large population provides security(walls were used to control the population flow rather than protecting the city) Satisfaction: Controlled borders Civic-ceremonial temples are accessible Costs: Food is scarce for a big population Lack of hygiene -> high mortality and low life expectancy Discontents: Routine + busy life No dumping Far from agricultural lands

Answer 29

The city is a strong central organization(canonica = uniformity)

Answer 30

Suggests relation between patrons and clients

Answer 31

Had around 100 000 habitants at its peak Composed of agricultural settlements and small polities which had civic-ceremonial complexes, residences occupied by households of both high and low status and varied kinds of craft workshops

Answer 32

In contrast of other cities, it was not made in a systematic way(less carefully built residences) so different districts did not have different orientation

Answer 33

It was about a large kin groups composed of multiple lineages

Answer 34

It has a collective aspect because of clans' lineage Which meant that an oligarchy(not a dynasty) could have reigned.

Answer 35

The Avenue of the Dead(3km long)

Answer 36

multi level apartments | Cosmological and merchant city

Answer 37

Located in the Bassin of Mexico From the Volcano to the Paltachique Above sea level

Answer 38

Late Pre-Classic: 400 BCE - 200 BCE = Early Teotihuacan Classic: 200-900 AD Early Classic: 200-600 = Teotihuacan Apogee Late Classic: 600-900 700AD = Abandon of practices when emigrating(to Costa Rica) in order to avoid the rage of the Volcano God Terminal Classic: 800-900/1000

Answer 39

The ceramic industry

Answer 40

Main sources of data: Ancient texts from Mayas(they had a writing system) Survey: Settlement survey of T. served as a model As Mexico greatly treasures the site, they are heavily invested in research concerning it Excavations Art History(symbolizes wind and sound)

Answer 41

``` Notes were added Brick wall(little rocks) on that the site was reconstructed ```

Answer 42

Was a supply center more than a city

Answer 43

Nationalism has played a big role in enforcing the legitimacy of the government

Answer 44

Quetzacoatl is a feathered-snake deity which is the federal name of a standardized religious system in Mexico represented by a bird-snake

Answer 45

Rain(fertility)/Storm God(power)

Answer 46

Barrios supported the houses of the merchants or the labor

Answer 47

1883-1960 Father of Mexican sociology Led 1918-1920 excavations at Teotihuacan Was also an archaeologist and an advocate for native people’s rights First to suggest that there T. had 300 000 inhabitants + home to another population before Aztecs Before 20th century, everyone was looking at the monuments, ignoring the residential spaces, dimensions of the city

Answer 48

He proposed two projects that set a model to future archaeological studies

Answer 49

It was from 1960 to 1975(15 years) Area of 7000 km2 Identified changes in settlement patterns over 1000s years Results by Sanders(focused on the size of the city), + Parsons and Santley in 1979

Answer 50

Millon: Teo = manifestation of elite power; coercive power brought 100 000 people to the city to build the temples Evidence: labour was needed to maintain pyramids and elites were needed to manage all that Pyramids = propaganda of elite power Links to Marx’s false consciousness and modes of production Cowgill: What brought people to Teo = “carrot to stick” violence might have been used but people took a liking to the city and decided to stay p. 44 : ppl living in the residences of the city b/c they felt a lot of pride, the benefit of the cost of living in the city Ornaments(in homes) distinguished ppl from one to another Monumental structures were built to satisfy the ego of the elite

Answer 51

Monumental architecture = solidarity between all members of the society regardless of the class, etc. Very important ritual center Major grid and organization = not only political authority but to a cosmological meaning Inhabitants viewed the city as the center of the world(true spirituality)

Answer 52

Is laided out on this North-Eastern tilt At specific times of the year, Pyramids and mountains were aligned Not accidental = built according to geometry and geography

Answer 53

the very center of Teotihuacan Large enough to hold festivites and rituals. The top of pyramids would have supported temples, but it’s unconfirmed

Answer 54

They were on the facade of the Quetzalcoatl. Talud was an inclined surface that gave a pyramid form to the complex. Tableros were on the the vertical part and had the faces of gods Quetzalcoatl and Tlaloc on them.

Answer 55

Tlatoc: fertility(rain) and power(storm god) He was an Aztec figure. Quet.: was a military symbol

Answer 56

800-1000BC

Module 4-5 Flashcards

(80 cards)