Module 4 (Man's Integration to the Society)

Question 1

lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

Answer 1

socialization

Question 2

process by which an individual is oriented and taught by his/her society’s norms

Answer 2

socialization

Question 3

form of interaction by which people acquire personality and learn the way of life of their society

Answer 3

socialization

Question 4

goals of socialization

Answer 4

teaches impulse control and develop a conscience, teaches individuals how to prepare and perform certain social rules, cultivates shared sources of meaning and value

Question 5

forms of socialization

Answer 5

enculturation and acculturation

Question 6

process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate in that culture

Answer 6

enculturation

Question 7

diffusion of one’s culture or another

Answer 7

enculturation

Question 8

cultural modification of an individua, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture

Answer 8

acculturation

Question 9

results of socialization, enculturation, and acculturation

Answer 9

self and identity, status and roles, norms and values

Question 10

“the social mind”; sociological concept – develops through social interactions where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level (George Herbert Mead)

Answer 10

the concept of self

Question 11

helonic concept of identity (self is both a whole and a part); self in the context of personal pertains to the wholeness of an individual’s identity and being a part of the whole reflects on the roles that it plays within the context of the society

Answer 11

model of consciousness: the i and me perspective

Question 12

one’s self-concept was derived from a “social mirror” in which we can observe how others react to us, thus engaging us how to think and feel (Charles Horton Cooley)

Answer 12

the looking glass self concept

Question 13

development of an individual’s distinct personality; this process defines individuals to others and themselves and individuals gain identity by social affiliations

Answer 13

identity formation

Question 14

examples of identity

Answer 14

self-concept, cultural identity, national identity, religious identity, ethnic identity

Question 15

any position that an individual can occupy in society, a label that implies that certain roles must be performed

Answer 15

status

Question 16

individual’s position in the society, which carries with it a set of defined rights and obligations

Answer 16

status

Question 17

types of status

Answer 17

ascribed status and achieved status

Question 18

given at birth or assigned later in life

Answer 18

ascribed status

Question 19

acquired willfully and consciously through effort, talent, decisions, and accomplishments

Answer 19

achieved status

Question 20

set of expectation from people who occupy a particular status

Answer 20

role

Question 21

behavior of an individual within a social space in accordance to his status

Answer 21

role performance

Question 22

multiplicity of roles within a given status

Answer 22

role set

Question 23

two or more statuses, both applicable to the situation require distinct and divergent roles from the individual

Answer 23

role conflict

Question 24

individual is having difficulty in performing the role required of him or her

Answer 24

role strain

Question 25

discontinuation of a role, either to address a role strain or indulge in a role set

Answer 25

role exit

Question 26

culturally determined rules that guide people what is right, wrong, proper, or improper

Answer 26

norms

Question 27

standards people use to determine desirable goals and outcomes, created and shaped by the community through time

Answer 27

values

Question 28

types of norms

Answer 28

folkways, mores, taboos, laws

Question 29

socially approved behaviors that have no moral underpinning

Answer 29

folkways

Question 30

norms related to moral conventions

Answer 30

mores

Question 31

behaviors that are absolutely forbidden in a specific culture

Answer 31

taboos

Question 32

rules and regulations that are implemented by the state

Answer 32

laws

Question 33

act of following the rules and goals of one's society, met with rewards and acceptance from other members of the society

Answer 33

conformity

Question 34

act of violating the prescribed social norms, socially constructed by the members of the society

Answer 34

deviance

Question 35

strong sense of disapproval on nonconforming behavior from members of the society

Answer 35

stigma

Question 36

theories of deviance

Answer 36

social control theory, rational choice theory, differential association theory, labelling theory, conflict theory, structuralist-functionalist theory, strain theory

Question 37

deviance is caused by a lack in stronger social bonds within a society; as he is less attached in the society, the more that he/she will deviate from social norms

Answer 37

social control theory

Question 38

conformity or deviance of an individual depends on the cost and benefit he/she may get from such action

Answer 38

rational choice theory

Question 39

conformity or deviance is learned by an individual from those he/she associates with

Answer 39

differential association theory

Question 40

actions are initially not considered deviant until they are labelled as such by members of the community

Answer 40

labelling theory

Question 41

society composes of opposing groups of people whose access to power determines which actions are deviant based on their perceived advantage; set of behaviors of the elite are norms and those of the powerless are deviant

Answer 41

conflict theory

Question 42

on the micro level, deviance was caused by role strain of an individual due to lack of resources to cope with the demands of the social norms

Answer 42

structuralist-functionalist theory

Question 42

on the macro level, deviance is caused by breakdown of social norms which produces anomie or social disorganization

Answer 42

structuralist-functionalist theory

Question 43

proposed by Robert Merton, argues that deviant behavior occues due to imbalance of society's cultural goals and the socially accepted means to achieve those goals are out of balance

Answer 43

strain theory

Question 44

means to prevent deviance and to ensure that norms are safeguarded and order preserved

Answer 44

social control

Question 45

elements to promote social control

Answer 45

internalization and sanctions

Question 46

individual is made to automatically conform to the dictates of his/her society through a cost-benefit orientation

Answer 46

internalization

Question 47

rewards or punishment given upon conformity/deviance in an action

Answer 47

sanctions

Question 48

types of sanctions

Answer 48

formal, informal, positive, negative

Question 49

rewards/forms of punishment that are formally awarded by an institution (i.e. government, school, etc)

Answer 49

formal

Question 50

rewards/forms of punishment that are spontaneously given by an individual/group of people as a response to a behavior that was either accepted of disapproved

Answer 50

informal

Question 51

sanctions that rewards a particular behavior, which reinforces its repetition

Answer 51

positive

Question 52

sanctions that punishes a particular behavior

Answer 52

negative