Module 4 MiniModule 1: Pruritic Parasites

Question 1

Canine Scabies:
- 2 pairs short legs anterior – long, unjointed stalks with suckers
- 2 pairs rudimentary legs posterior - do not extend beyond the border of the body

Answer 1

Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis

Question 2

Canine Scabies:
Sarcoptic mange is fairly host specific to what species?

Answer 2

Canines, but it can also affect other species including humans (ZOONOTIC*)
- Rare in cats

Question 3

Canine Scabies:
How contagious is sarcotic mange?

Answer 3

Highly contagious*
- transmission: direct contact with an infected animal
- fomite, fur transmission to humans, crusts or scabs

Question 4

Canine Scabies:
(T/F) Absence of pruritis in other in-contact animals rules out scabies

Answer 4

False, it DOES NOT rule out scabies

Question 5

Canine Scabies:

List the “clues” that may indicate you are dealing with a case of Scabies*

Answer 5

• Intense
• Nonseasonal pruritus
• Rapid onset & progression
• Minimally responsive to glucocorticoids

Question 6

Canine Scabies:

List the Predilection sites for a case of Scabies*

Answer 6

• Pinnal margins, lateral elbows & hocks, ventrum
• Mites like to dwell where hair is sparse (lazy mites)
• Dorsum usually spared

Question 7

Canine Scabies:

What is the MOST common lesion you would see on a dog with Scabies?

Answer 7

Papules*

Question 8

Canine Scabies:

In Scabies, what is the severity of pruritus due to?

Answer 8

Hypersensitivity

Question 9

Canine Scabies:
(T/F) Protective immunity may develop after successful tx and cure

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Canine Scabies: Diagnosis
What are we doing? What is a definitive dx?

Answer 10

• Superficial skin scrape (anything with legs needs oil)
• For a definitive dx we need to find the mite or eggs (may be difficult)

Question 11

Canine Scabies: Diagnosis
What else can you do to confirm your diagnosis other than a scrape?

Answer 11

Pinnal-pedal Reflex

Question 12

Canine Scabies: Treatment
(T/F) You have to treat ALL in-contact animals

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Canine Scabies: Treatment
When do you reassess dx/tx for other causes of pruritus?

Answer 13

within 8-12 wks if no response

Question 14

Canine Scabies: Treatment
What do you want to evaluate BEFORE starting treatment?

Answer 14

Heartworm statues of all dogs
(some treatments are also heartworm-preventative treatments)

Question 15

Canine Scabies: Treatment
(T/F) It is okay to use dog products on cats

Answer 15

False, DO NOT use dog products in cats

Question 16

Canine Scabies: Treatment
List some of the Treatments for Scabies

Answer 16

• Moxidectin 2.5% & Imidacloprid 10% (don’t use on cats)
• Sarolaner (greater than 6 months of age)
• Selamectin
• Fluralaner (Bravecto, > 6 months, duration 3 months)
• Afoxolaner (NexGard)
• Lotilaner (Credelio)
• Ivermectin 1% (Extra-label treatment, white feet don’t treat, no spinosad)

Question 17

Canine Scabies: Treatment
List Topical dips to treat scabies

Answer 17

• Lime sulfur (safe for very young)

Question 18

Canine Scabies:
(T/F) Usually, environmental treatment is not necessary

Answer 18

True, unless large number of animals affected for example in a kennel

Question 19

Notoedric Mange:
- Smaller than S. Scabei
- dorsally located anus vs terminal in S. scabei

Answer 19

Notoedres cati (Feline Scabies)

Question 20

Notoedric Mange: Life cycle

• Life cycle: ____________
• Survives of the host? (yes/no)
• Fairly host-specific?
• Endemic in a few areas? (yes/no)

Answer 20

• 17-21 days
• Yes, survives off host for a few days
• Fairly host specific – Feline (ZOONOTIC)
• Yes, endemic in a few areas

Question 21

Notoedric Mange: Pruritus
List the “clues” that may indicate you are dealing with a case of Feline Scabies

Answer 21

• Intense, nonseasonal pruritus
• Location
  - initially ear pinnae, head, scruff of the neck
  - Lesions spread rapidly to other locations -> back, perineum, feet
  - consistent with grooming behavior

Question 22

Notoedric mange: Lesion
What is a unique clinical feature of the Feline Scabies mite?

Answer 22

Cat develops thick crusts (notoedric “helmet”)

Question 23

Notoedric mange:
(T/F) No FDA approved veterinary product specifically licensed for the treatment of feline scabies

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Notoedric mange: Treatment
What is the treatment for Feline Scabies?

Answer 24

Topicals (shampoo and dips)
- Not cat friendly
Dips -> Lime sulfur, safest dip for young

Question 25

Notoedric mange: List the Systemic Treatments

Answer 25

**Everything is Extra-label use in cats** - Selamectin (> 8 wks of age) - 10% imidacloprid + 1.0% moxidectin - Bravecto cats >6 months, good for 3 months - Credelio Cat >8 weeks - Revolution PLUS >8 weeks

Question 26

What are a few characteristics you can find on Cheyletiellosis mites?

Answer 26

- accessory mouth parts - saddle-shaped (a little waist)

Question 27

Walking Dandruff - Surface dwelling mite, non-burrowing - Large (500 um x 350 um), saddle-shaped - prominent hook-like accessory mouth parts (palpi) - all 4 pairs of legs extend beyond body, bear terminal combs, not claws

Answer 27

Cheyletiellosis (Cheyletiella yasguri, C. blakei, C. parasitovorax)

Question 28

Is Cheyletiellosis host-specific?

Answer 28

Not host specific, may travel freely to various host species, including humans (ZOONOTIC)

Question 29

How contagious is Cheyletiellosis?

Answer 29

Highly contagious - especially between young animals - transmission by direct contact - indirect via fomites may be as important (egg attach to hair)

Question 30

What is the life cycle of Cheyletiellosis?

Answer 30

21-42 days - spent on host

Question 31

What is the Pruritus level in patients with Cheyletiellosis?

Answer 31

Variable pruritus: absent to intense

Question 32

Cheyletiellosis: Treatment (T/F) Treating all in-contact animals is good enough

Answer 32

False, treat all in-contact animals and PREMISES (a female can live off the host for 10 days)

Question 33

What is a unique clinical sign seen in dogs with sarcoptic mange?

Answer 33

Pinnal pedal reflex

Question 34

(T/F) Ivermectin when combined with spinosad is the best approach for sarcoptic mange treatment

Answer 34

False, this combination can kill the patient

Question 35

What is a canine topical product with 10% moxidectin, that should not be used in cats as their companion product only has 1% moxidectin?

Answer 35

Advantage multi

Question 36

A patient with a pruritic ventral papular dermatitis and heavy thick adherent crusts on the right pinnal margin, would earn the top differential of __________________

Answer 36

Sarcoptic Mange

Question 37

The presence of moderate to severe scaling on the dorsum of cats and dogs that may or may not be pruritic is a clinical sign associated with ___________________

Answer 37

Cheyletiellosis