Module 4 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(26 cards)
Define Hydrocarbon
Compound containing Hydrogen and Carbon only.
Define Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.
Define Homologous Series
A series of organic compounds but with each successive member differing by CH2.
Define Alkyl Group
Formed by removing one hydrogen from alkane chain.-CnH2n+2
Define Aromatic
A compound containing at least one benzene ring.
Define Aliphatic
A compound containing C and H joined in straight or branched chains(basically any non-aromatic compound).
Define Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic(benzene) rings, with or without side chains.(basically a non-aromatic ring in the structure).
What is the shape around C atoms in alkanes?
Tetrahedral(109.5)
What type of bond occurs between atoms in alkanes?
Sigma bonds
which type of bond allows free rotation?
sigma bonds
how does boiling point of alkanes change as chain length increases?
boiling point increases as there are more point of contact meaning more London forces which require more energy to overcome.
Why are alkanes unreactive?
-High enthalpies in C-C and C-H
-low polarity as C and H have similar electronegativities
what is a sigma bond?
Covalent bond formed from the direct overlap of two atomic orbitals.
What is a pi bond?
Covalent bond formed from the sideways overlap of two p-shaped atomic orbitals.
Why are sigma bonds stronger than pi bonds?
pi bonds are further from the nucleus of both atoms so have less attraction.
What conditions do alkenes react with hydrogen at?
presence of a Nickel catalyst and 150 degrees C.
What conditions does Halogenation take place at?
Room temperature.
What conditions does hydration(reaction with steam) take place at?
Presence of strong acid catalyst(H3PO4 or concentrated H2S04) and temp>100 Degrees C.
What is the product of Hydration of alkenes?
Alcohol
What is an electrophile?
Electron pair acceptor
How do alkyl groups affect the stability of carbocations?
The more Alkyl groups bonded to the positive carbon in carbocation, the more stable it is.(They are electron releasing and so can spread out charge)
What are stereoisomers>
Same structural formula but a different spatial arrangement of atoms.
Which atom has highest priority in E/Z isomerism?
highest atomic number=highest priority
What are the priority rules used for E/Z isomerism?
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules(CIP)
