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Biophysics Lecture > Module 4 - SET A > Flashcards

Module 4 - SET A Flashcards

1
Q

biophysical techniques provide information about

A

electronic structure
size
shape
dynamics
polarity
mode of interaction of biological molecules

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2
Q

methods for gaining information about biological systems

A

biophysical techniques

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3
Q

methods to study the structure, properties, dynamics or function of biomolecules at an atomic or molecular level

A

biophysical techniques

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4
Q

include experimental and computational methods, approaches, protocols, and tools for biological research

A

biophysical techniques

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5
Q

involve either the development of novel techniques to investigate the structure, properties, and biological functions of biomolecules or the application of these techniques to monitor how the structure and dynamics of biomolecules enables specific biological functions

A

biophysical techniques

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6
Q

What are the objective to study a single technique or application?

A
  1. to research and better understand the physical principles underlying the technique
  2. to work toward extending the technique’s abilities
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7
Q

What are the two major categories of Biophysical techniques?

A

Preparative techniques
Analytical techniques

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8
Q

purify or isolate biological specimens (organisms, cells, and molecules) or otherwise get them ready for use in some other process or further experimentation

A

preparative techniques

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9
Q

used to measure physical aspects (energy, pressure, volume, length, stress) of a biological system.

A

Analytical techniques

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10
Q

True or False: Many biophysical techniques fall into both categories at the same time

A

True

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11
Q

machine used to spin a sample of material around in circles

A

centrifuge

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12
Q

True or False: The circular motion from centrifuge places a force on the sample. The force is similar to, but typically much larger than the force of gravity

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: The force from centrifuge is much smaller than the force of gravity

A

False

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14
Q

centrifuge specially designed to spin at an extremely high rate of speed

A

ultracentrifugation

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15
Q

true or false: some ultracentrifuges can exert forces as much as 1 million times that of gravity

A

true

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16
Q

Centrifuges operate on the principle of _______

A

sedimentation

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17
Q

describes the motion of particles in a fluid under the application of force

A

sedimentation

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18
Q

Sedimentation rate of a particle depends on:

A

force
density of the fluid
size and density (or concentration of the particles of fluid

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19
Q

True or False: Applying a force stronger than gravity can decrease sedimentation rate

A

False

sedimentation rate increases if force greater than gravity is applied

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20
Q

convenient technique for separating molecules of different sizes

A

ultracentrifugation

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21
Q

True or False: Ultracentrifugation is used as both a preparative and an analytical technique

A

True

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22
Q

vesicles or cellular components that exist outside of a cell

A

exosomes

23
Q

contains special optical devices and sensors that can track the movement of molecules as they are being centrifuged

A

analytical ultracentrifuge

24
Q

used to detect conformational transitions and to determine the number of subunits making up a molecular complex

A

analytical centrifuge

25
Q
A
25
Q

can calculate the size and approximate shape of the molecules

A

physics of sedimentation formulas

26
Q

spins the suspension around a central axis, producing centrifugal force, which causes the suspended particles to collect as a pellet in the tube bottom

A

centrifuge

27
Q

applies electric current to biological molecules

A

electrophoresis

27
Q

laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

A

electrophoresis

28
Q

an electric current is used to move molecules to be separated through a gel

A

electrophoresis

29
Q

True or False: In electrophoresis, the pores work like a sieve, allowing smaller molecules to move faster than larger molecules.

A

True

30
Q

True or False: Electrophoresis relies on the principle of sedimentation

A

True

31
Q

the force results from an electric field applied to electrically charged particles or molecules

A

Electrophoresis

32
Q

common type of electrophoresis

A

gel electrophoresis

33
Q

fluid that has a molecular structure that gives it properties similar to a solid

A

gel

34
Q

True or False: Larger molecules are easily obstructed than smaller molecules.

A

True

35
Q

What affects sedimentation in gel electrophoresis

A

density of the gel
size and shape of molecules
charge of molecules

36
Q

True or False: molecules with more charge will experience a weaker force generated by the electric field

A

False

stronger force

37
Q

enables separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis

A

chromatography

38
Q

Who was the Russian botanist who coined the term chromatography?

A

Mikhail Tswett

39
Q
A
40
Q

The first analytical use of chromatography was described by

A

James and Martin (1952)

41
Q

first analytical use of chromatography

A

analysis of fatty acid mixtures

42
Q

powerful separation tool that is used in all branches of science and is often the only means of separating components from complex mixtures

A

Chromatography

43
Q

principles of chromatography

A

stationary phase and mobile phase

44
Q

Three components of the basis of the chromatography technique

A

stationary phase
mobile phase
separated molecules

45
Q

this phase is always composed of a ‘solid’ phase or a layer of a liquid adsorbed on the surface solid support

A

stationary phase

46
Q

this phase is always composed of ‘liquid’ or a ‘gaseous’ component

A

mobile phase

47
Q

basic component effective on the separation of molecules from each other

A

stationary phase
mobile phase
substance contained in mixture

48
Q

Application of Chromatography

A

Pharmaceutical sector
Chemical Industry
Food Industry
Forensic Science
Molecular Biology Studies

49
Q

technique that relies on sedimentation and is a type of partition chromatography applied to isolate molecules with different molecular sizes

A

size exclusion chromatography

50
Q

uses gravity or sometimes pressure to sediment a solution through a gel

A

Size exclusion chromatography

51
Q

True or False: SEC gels are one solid piece of gel

A

False: gels are tightly packed suspension of gels

52
Q

True or False: In Size Exclusion Chromatography, large molecules pass through faster than smaller molecules

A

True

Biophysics Lecture (5 decks)

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