Module 4: Stoichiometry and Colligative Properties of Solutions

Question 1

calculationof the amount of reactants and products in a chemical reaction

Answer 1

Chemical Stoichiometry

Question 2

quantifying the amount of solute and solvent present in aqueous solutions, or establishing the concentration of the precipitate in a gravimetric or in a precipitation reaction

Answer 2

Solution Stoichiometry

Question 3

process of reducing the concentration of the solute in a concentrated solution

Answer 3

Dilution

Question 4

contains higher amounts of solute

Answer 4

Concentrated Solution

Question 5

little amounts of the substance of interest to minimize large uncertainties or standard deviations

Answer 5

Analyte

Question 6

process of determining the volume of the titrant needed to react in the analyte in the solution

Answer 6

Titration

Question 7

solution that has known amount of concentration

Answer 7

Titrant

Question 8

set of analytical methods wherein the amount of the target analyte in the sample is determined from the volume of the titrant needed to completed react with the target analyte in the solution

Answer 8

Volumetric Analysis/ Volumetric Titrimetry

Question 9

added prior to the addition of the titrant onto the sample being analyzed and gives a distinct color in the solution

Answer 9

Indicator

Question 10

any physical change that the indicator manifests upon the addition of a titrant

Answer 10

Endpoint

Question 11

the point at which the titrant has completely reached with the analyte

Answer 11

Equivalence Point

Question 12

defined that an acid is a substance that yields H+ ions in water and a base is a substance that yields OH- ions in water

Answer 12

Svanter Arrhenius

Question 13

the analyte is precipitated in solution using a standard solution of a precipitating agent

Answer 13

Precipitation/ Saturation Titration

Question 14

indirect method used in determining halides
the endpoint is red in color

Answer 14

Volhard Method

Question 15

used in determining chloride or bromide
the endpoint is rusty red color

Answer 15

Mohr Method

Question 16

involves in titration a neutral AgNO3 solution with a neutral solution of back in the presence of fluorescein dye as indicator
the endpoint is reddish-pink to yellow

Answer 16

Fajans Method

Question 17

used to determine the presence of different metal ions in solutions

Answer 17

Complexometric Titrations

Question 18

formation of solid deposits on boilers and other industrial equipments

Answer 18

Scaling

Question 19

property of the solution that depends on the number of solute particles present
includes freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure

Answer 19

Colligative Property

Question 20

the process wherein presence of a nonelectrolyte solute in a given solution causes the vapor pressure solution to decrease

Answer 20

Vapor Pressure Lowering

Question 21

he established the relationship of the mole fraction with vapor pressure

Answer 21

Francois Raoult

Question 22

states that the vapor pressure of a nonelectrolyte solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent in a solution

Answer 22

Raoult’s Law

Question 23

if the vapor pressure decreases in a nonelectrolyte solution, the boiling point of the solution tends to ______

Answer 23

Increase

Question 24

increase in the boiling temperature

Answer 24

Boiling Point Elevation

Question 25

this is what you called when the vapor pressure lowering observed when a nonelectrolyte solute is dissolved in a given solvent

Answer 25

Freezing Point Depression

Question 26

decrease in freezing temperature

Answer 26

Freezing Point Depression

Question 27

tendency of solvent molecules to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated region

Answer 27

Osmosis

Question 28

pressure exerted by the additional height of solution

Answer 28

Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 29

technique used to measure the osmotic pressure of the solution containing a known amount of solute

Answer 29

Osmometry

Question 30

Dutch chemist who was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1901 for his work on solutions

Answer 30

Jacobus van’t Hoff

Question 31

establishes the relationship between the number of moles of solute dissolved and the moles of a particles in a solution

Answer 31

Van’t Hoff Factor

Question 32

defined acid as a proton donor and base as a proton acceptor

Answer 32

Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted & Thomas Martin Lowry

Question 33

their definition of acid-base titration covers substances that do not yield OH- ions

Answer 33

Bronsted-Lowry

Question 34

transfer of electrons from one substance to another

Answer 34

Oxidation-Reduction Titration

Question 35

loss of electrons in a substance

Answer 35

Oxidation

Question 36

gain of electrons

Answer 36

Reduction

Question 37

substance that gains electrons

Answer 37

Oxidizing Agent

Question 38

substance that lose electrons

Answer 38

Reducing Agent

Question 39

GEROA

Answer 39

Gain of Electrons leads to Reduction of Oxidizing Agent

Question 40

LEORA

Answer 40

Loss of Electrons leads to Oxidation of Reducing Agents