💦 • Module 4 : Water & Its Management

Question 1

What percentage of Earth’s water is found in oceans?

Answer 1

About 97%.

Question 2

Where is most of Earth’s freshwater stored?

Answer 2

In ice sheets and glaciers (about 69%).

Question 3

What is groundwater?

Answer 3

Water stored beneath Earth’s surface in soil and rocks

Question 4

Where is freshwater found besides ice and groundwater?

Answer 4

In lakes, rivers, and the atmosphere.

Question 5

What is the water cycle?

Answer 5

The continuous movement of water through the atmosphere, land, and oceans.

Question 6

What is precipitation?

Answer 6

Water falling to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Question 7

What are the main steps of the water cycle in order?

Answer 7

1. Evaporation
2. Transpiration
3. Condensation
4. Precipitation
5. Interception
6. Infiltration
7. Through-flow
8. Groundwater flow
9. Surface run-off

Question 8

What is surface run-off?

Answer 8

Water flowing over the ground into rivers and lakes.

Question 9

What is interception in the water cycle?

Answer 9

When trees and plants catch precipitation before it reaches the ground.

Question 10

What is infiltration?

Answer 10

The process of water soaking into the soil.

Question 11

What is through-flow?

Answer 11

Water moving sideways through the soil towards rivers.

Question 12

What is groundwater flow?

Answer 12

Water moving underground through rock layers.

Question 13

What is transpiration in the water cycle?

Answer 13

Water loss from plants into the air.

Question 14

What is evaporation?

Answer 14

Water changing from liquid to gas due to heat.

Question 15

What is condensation in the water cycle?

Answer 15

Water vapor cooling and turning into liquid droplets, forming clouds.

Question 16

What is an aquifer?

Answer 16

An underground layer of water-bearing rock that stores groundwater.

Question 17

How do wells provide freshwater?

Answer 17

By tapping into groundwater from aquifers.

Question 18

What is a reservoir?

Answer 18

A man-made lake used to store water for human use.

Question 19

What is desalination?

Answer 19

The process of removing salt from seawater to produce freshwater.

Question 20

What are the three main uses of freshwater?

Answer 20

Domestic, industrial, and agricultural.

Question 21

Give examples of domestic water use.

Answer 21

Drinking, cooking, cleaning, bathing.

Question 22

How is freshwater used in industry?

Answer 22

Cooling machines, generating power, and manufacturing products.

Question 23

How is freshwater used in agriculture?

Answer 23

Irrigation for crops and providing water for livestock.

Question 24

What is potable water?

Answer 24

Water that is safe for drinking and cooking.

Question 25

Why do some rural areas lack access to safe drinking water?

Answer 25

Poor infrastructure, lack of sanitation, and reliance on polluted water sources.

Question 26

What is a multipurpose dam?

Answer 26

A dam that provides water storage, electricity, flood control, and irrigation.

Question 27

What factors influence the choice of a dam site?

Answer 27

River flow, rock type, population impact, and environmental concerns.

Question 28

List an environmental impact of dams.

Answer 28

Habitat destruction and changes in river ecosystems.

Question 29

List an economic impact of dams.

Answer 29

They create jobs but are expensive to build.

Question 30

List a social impact of dams.

Answer 30

Can displace communities but provide water and electricity.

Question 31

What are the three main sources of water pollution?

Answer 31

Domestic waste, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff.

Question 32

How does domestic waste pollute water?

Answer 32

Sewage and household waste contaminate water supplies

Question 33

How does industry pollute water?

Answer 33

Factories release chemicals and heavy metals into rivers and lakes.

Question 34

How does agriculture pollute water?

Answer 34

Fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste run off into water bodies.

Question 35

How does polluted freshwater affect people?

Answer 35

It increases the risk of diseases like cholera and typhoid.

Question 36

How does water pollution affect the environment?

Answer 36

It harms aquatic life, disrupts food chains, and causes habitat destruction.

Question 37

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 37

The build-up of toxic substances in organisms, increasing in concentration up the food chain.

Question 38

How does acid rain affect freshwater ecosystems?

Answer 38

It lowers pH levels in lakes and rivers, harming fish and other aquatic organisms.

Question 39

What is eutrophication?

Answer 39

Excess nutrients (from fertilizers and sewage) cause algal blooms, depleting oxygen and killing aquatic life.

Question 40

What is sewage treatment?

Answer 40

A process that removes harmful substances from wastewater before releasing it into the environment.

Question 41

What is the role of legislation in water protection?

Answer 41

Laws regulate pollution, enforce treatment standards, and protect water sources.

Question 42

What is the life cycle of the malaria parasite?

Answer 42

1. Infected mosquito bites a human, injecting parasites. 2. Parasites travel to the liver and multiply 3. They enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells. 4. Another mosquito bites the person, spreading the parasite.

Question 43

How do antimalarial drugs help control malaria?

Answer 43

They kill the parasite in the human body before it multiplies.

Question 44

What is vector control in malaria prevention?

Answer 44

Reducing mosquito populations using insecticides, bed nets, and draining stagnant water.

Question 45

Why is malaria eradication difficult?

Answer 45

Mosquitoes develop resistance to insecticides, and parasites resist drugs.

Question 46

What is cholera?

Answer 46

A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and dehydration, spread through contaminated water.

Question 47

Why should water be boiled or chlorinated?

Answer 47

To kill bacteria and make it safe for drinking.