MODULE 5

Question 1

What is reproduction

Answer 1

It is a biological process through which living organisms produce offsprings similar to themselves

Question 2

What does reproduction ensure?

Answer 2

The continuation of various species on earth

Question 3

What are the two methods of reproduction?

Answer 3

1. Asexual

2. Sexual

Question 4

Characteristics of Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

• involves only one parent
• no union of gametes
• produces genetically identical off spring to parent
• results in haploid cell

Question 5

Characteristics of sexual reproduction

Answer 5

• involves the union go gametes
• forms genetically different off spring
• results in diploid cell

Question 6

What are the two methods of fertilisation?

Answer 6

1. External

2. Internal

Question 7

Advantages of internal fertilisation

Answer 7

• fertilisation more likely to occur
• embryo protected form predators
• offspring more likely to survive

Question 8

Advantages of external fertilisation

Answer 8

• little energy required to mate

- large numbers of offspring produced

Question 9

Disadvantages of internal fertilisation

Answer 9

• higher energy requirement to find mate
• less offspring produced
• more energy required

Question 10

Disadvantages of external fertilisation

Answer 10

• many gametes go unfertilised

- offspring often not protected by parents

Question 11

External fertilisation example

Answer 11

Staghorn Coral

Question 12

Asexual reproduction in plants methods

Answer 12

• Budding
• Binary fission
• Spores

Question 13

Process of budding

Answer 13

Part of plant breaks away and then regrows by itself forming a identical clone

Question 14

Whats an example of vegetative propagation

Answer 14

Budding

Question 15

Whats the way bacteria reproduce?

Answer 15

Binary fission

Question 16

Steps involved in Binary fission

Answer 16

1. Replication of DNA
2. growth of cell
3. segregation of DNA
4. Splitting of cells

Question 17

What are gymnosperms

Answer 17

Vascular, non flowering seed plants e.g conifers, Wollemi pine

Question 18

What are Angiosperms

Answer 18

Seed producing via flowers

Question 19

What are Mosses and Ferns

Answer 19

two seperate groups that reproduce sexually with spores

Question 20

What is the male gametes in a plant?

Answer 20

Gametes

Question 21

Where does fertilisation occur in a plant

Answer 21

internally in the ovary

Question 22

Define Cross pollination

Answer 22

When pollen from another plant lands on the stigma of a plant

Question 23

Whats an advantage for cross pollination

Answer 23

greater genetic diversity

Question 24

Define self pollination

Answer 24

If the pollen from the same plant lands on the stigma of the same plant

Question 25

What happens when the ovary is fertilised

Answer 25

The ovary then grows into a fruit

Question 26

Where is male gametes formed in a human?

Answer 26

In the testes

Question 27

What is the role of the penis in sexual reproduction

Answer 27

To excrete sperm into the vagina in order for fertilisation to occur

Question 28

Label the male and female gametes

Answer 28

male - Sperm | Female - Ovum

Question 29

Where is the pituitary gland located

Answer 29

in the brain

Question 30

What is the role of the hypothalamus

Answer 30

Controls the release of other hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 31

What are the three main groups of reproductive hormones

Answer 31

1. Androgens 2. Oestrogens 3. Progestogens

Question 32

how long does a menstrual cycle last

Answer 32

28 days

Question 33

What are the two groups of hormones that control the menstrual cycle

Answer 33

1. Pituitary hormones | 2. Ovarian hormones

Question 34

What are the two hormones in the pituitary hormone group

Answer 34

- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | - Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 35

What are the two hormones in the ovarian hormone group

Answer 35

- oestrogen | - Progesterone

Question 36

Where are all the hormones produced

Answer 36

- FSH and LH produced in the pituitary gland | - Estrogen and Progestrone produced in Ovaries

Question 37

What does progesterone do

Answer 37

facilitates the thickening of the the uterine lining

Question 38

What does Oestrogen do

Answer 38

inhibits production of Luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone hence preventing release of more eggs

Question 39

What is the role of the hCH hormone

Answer 39

Promoting maintenance of the corpus luteum

Question 40

When does the placenta take over hormonal role

Answer 40

around 12 weeks