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module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what maps was the first cartographic visualization on subsurface geology

A

the strata of England and wales by William smith 1815

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2
Q

who is william smith

A

self-taught geologist and surveyor - started publishing maps in 1799 - he notices that layers like siltstone, mudstone and coal had a repeating order and that the fossils also correspond with this order

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3
Q

the map of the strata of England and wales by snow what did it show

A

The potential for coal production in southwest wales and north in Yorkshire and the pennies - coal is cruicil for the industrial revolution

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4
Q

the strata of engldna and wales what was it used for

A

used for mining and coal - deep watering mines

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5
Q

what is Humboldt map of New Spain and when was it published

A

it was the best map of the region up to that date and used the archives in Mexico City published in 1811

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6
Q

who is humboldt

A

polymath with interests in physics, oceanography and climatology

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7
Q

what is humboldt’s isotherm map

A

his most important map - the idea of the climate in Aristotle - plots the temperature of 13 locations and then interpolates drawing isotherms based on average summer and winter temperatures

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8
Q

what did humbolts isotherm map tell us about weather profiles

A

that two places can be on the same latitude have different climates

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9
Q

what is the salem map

A

1822 george whistler and william mcneil shows the 3D map on a 2D map

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10
Q

what does the salem map show

A

the advantage and disadvantages of the two methods of topographic visualisation: contours and hachure

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11
Q

who is george whistler and william mcneil

A

two graduated from the US military academy

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12
Q

the map of the hydrographic basin of the upper Mississippi river

A

oublished in 1843

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13
Q

who created the map of hyrographic basin of the upper Mississippi river

A

joseph nicollet

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14
Q

who is joseph nicollet

A

worked at the paris observatory - he undertook major survey of the Mississippi basin that used astronomical and barometric observations as well as additional surveying

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15
Q

the slave population of the southern states map 1860

A

choropleth map which shows the percentage of the population that was enslaved represented by shades of colours

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16
Q

who is Edwin hergesheimer

A

worked for the US coast survey and published the slave population map - a german immigrant and left because of his radical politics

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17
Q

sherman’s march to the sea map

A

1864 sherman marched 60,000 soldiers away from Atlanta to savannah Georgia

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18
Q

the great migration map

A

product of a fail of a reconstruction after the civil war - slaves move to the industrial settlements in the north

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19
Q

redlining

A

residential security maps - different colours for different buildings which are “best” and “hazardous”

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20
Q

dymaxion map

A

fuller - in the control room

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21
Q

united nations map

A

1945 - Bulluk - quotations of the old and new testaments on the map

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22
Q

define geodesy

A

the branch of mathematics dealing with the shape and area of the earth or large portions of it.

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23
Q

the radcliffe award

A

1947 - clear they were moving away - draw boundaries between countries

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24
Q

“red china”, time magazine 1955

A

map of north asia

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25
taiwan "ROC" - why is it called it
this island has a say over the whole of china
26
space
first effective rocket V2 - german - atlas 5 launching a modern satellite
27
selenography/ lunar landing map 1969
map of the moon
28
apollo 17: blue marble
completeness of the earth
29
the brandt line
global poverty - the global "north" which means the north is developed countries and the south is developing
30
tharp-heezen map
map made from sonar of the worlds ocean - showed the topography of the worlds ocean tharp -heezen map helped show the plate tectonics which people didn't believe until this map
31
darwins coral reef map
32
heinrich C berann
1915-1999 - paint panoramic maps
33
soviet propaganda
yellow areas - trying to get rid of them - trying to detach quebec
34
what is the human connectome project
mapping of the human brain - 5 year project in 2009 to create a "network map" of the interactions between parts of the human brain
35
what is non-spatial cartography
a web like image
36
infographics
paul scrutton - circles all on the page
37
what is shown on the indigenous communities map, canada
mapped land as seen by hunters, trappers, fishermen and berry-pickers - used to create Nunavut
38
what is counter-mapping
used by Nancy Palusp in 1995 t describe the process of indigenous people in Indonesia to map their forest resources - to undermine the authority of government maps - the process of cartography that challenges the dominant views of the world and methods in cartography
39
web Mercator
google maps - varient of the mercator projection - assumes the world is spherical whereas the normal assumes ts ellipsoid - web mercator calucations are faster than elliptical ones
40
google earth
- released in 2001 - largest public GIS system with the acquisition of Keyhole
41
google pagerank
- named after larry page - counts the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how important the website is
42
SGI Infinite Reality “Space to Your Face” Demo
mid 1990s SGI way to demonstrate the clip-map texturing
43
GIS wars
1998 - presidential column in the newsletter of the Association of American geographers argued that GIS had no claim to intellectual standing
44
CGIS
tomlinson had the idea that computers could be the solution to the problem of having to use 300 maps to map the forest in ottowa 1962 Tomlinson - maps could be put into numerical form and linked together
45
what is the geoid
revealed the world was not an ellipsoid but very uneven
46
Global Positioning System (NAVSTAR)
use of lasers in terrestrial surveying to accurately measure distance 1974 with 31 satellites in orbit - it is owned and operated by the US Department of DOD - normal accuracy of GPS is 3.5 metres
47
robinson
1961 projection used by rand MCnally and national geographic society atlases
48
Gall-Peters Projection
cylindrical projection of the world
49
who is arno peters
german historian and film maker - created the peters projection - studies film in the US - wrote the general history of the world in 1952
50
Gall-Peters Equal Area World Map,Peters Projection, Five principles
Fidelity of area, axis, position, scale and proportionality
51
soviet military maps
produced for the public and were deliberatily falsifed to make travel and targeting difficult detailed descriptions of the trees and widths of roads 1:2500000 world maps in 270 sheets in 1960/70s 1.1 million of these military maps
52
soviet propaganda
frank jacobs
53
Heinrich C. Berann (1915-1999)
creator of the modern panorama map - he was self taught from the national geographic society - best known for the national parks
54
Tharp-Heezen Map (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
born in 1920 - english degreen - ma in geology - map soil types across the US to increase agriculture productivity - mapping topography of the sea floor
55
Selenography/Lunar Landings Map (1969)
mapping the moon landings 19060s apollo program detailed maps were required
56
Cartography and the Holocaust
maps to find where the jews were 1930s - shows clusters of jews in black as well as gypsies - supplied to local authorities
57
Grant’s Present Distribution of European Races
grant : eugenicist and lawyer made the map because: wanted to show a rigid system of selection through the elimination of those who are weak or unfit - social failures
58
Nazi Propaganda
1935 map shows czechsolvakia endagered germany
59
Racial Maps
where the different races were across the US
60
Friedrich Ratzel’s Lebensraum
human existence was a fight for geographical space
61
Sykes-Picot Agreement
secret agreement between france and britan in 1916 that divided up the middle east following the fall of the ottoman empire
62
World Aeronautical Chart
created by the international civil aviation organization after huge increases in flying meant a need for a new chart - combines IMW and WAC because of their scales
63
Albrecht Penck (1858-1945)(centred on the poles)
map centred on the poles - the millionth map of the world he worked on ice age stratigraphy and glaciers in the bavarian alps
64
International Map of the World (1909-)(polyconic projection)
neither conformal nor equavalent but okay for mid-range scale of the map - contours used at 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500
65
Wegener’s Palaeocontinents (c. 1915)
first to propose a Pangea - couldnt develop a mechanism because he saw the rate of movement as high as 250cm/ year - sea floor spreading
66
Pirate and Traveler (1906)(more or less centred on the US/Atlantic )
published in 1906 by the California educational games company - allows children to go on long journeys that are broken by mishapes - to teach students about countries and their resources
67
“The Geographical Pivot of History” (1904)(Halford Mackinder)
Halford MacKinder - founder of the london school of economics as well as a Scottish member of parliament - oval shape - mercator projection - predicted the 1939 pact between Russia and Germany and the formation of NATO
68
Orthomosaic
maps are easier to produce and update - aerial photos
69
Fundamental Benchmarks
national levelling benchmarks have been maintained with great care - monument in Ottowa
70
National Triangulation Networks
need for precise surveying - great improvement in the accuracy of national triangulation networks which used church spires
71
Photogrammetry
1939 stereoplotter for using overlapping photos seen in stereo to draw topographic maps - solved the technical challenges of using terrestrial surveying instruments to take the tens of thousands of spot measurements required for large-scale accurate topo-mapping
72
The Airplane in WWI (Cameras)
cameras were used to take overlapping photographs
73
Early Aerial Photography
hot air balloon photos were taken by Gaspard-Felix Gournachon (Nadar).
74
“Topography of Niagara” (1827)
nadir view of the landscape before the camera by the American painter George Catlin
75
Photography
by Nicephore Niepce in collaboration with niepce - copying from a negative
76
Density Maps
snow used dot distribution
77
John Snow’s Cholera Map
the map is of the sho district of London and represents the beginning of modern epidemiology and the germ theory - he mapped the 500 deaths and used small bars to represent the number of deaths - cholera came from the pump and it should be closed. john snow: doctor who rejected the idea of the mias theory
78
Descriptive Map of London Poverty (1898-9)
created by charles booth (liverpool born philanthropist) map shows the social make-up of London conducted by interviews with people across the city
79
Matthew Maury’s Wind and Current Chart
use of old log books and reports of naval and sea captains shows how the currents often were not the same as the great-circle/ rumb lines
80
Greenwich Meridian
81
The Dominion Land Survey
an effort to divide western canada into sections - started in 1871 and applied a survey gird of 800,000 - divided into 36 sections - it was disruptive and led to the re river rebellion
82
Cadastral Surveying and County Atlases
83
Adventist Missionary Map
"folk map" insight into the underlying beliefs of preacher William miller's Adventists - shows the continent of Africa where Adventist missionaries were working
84
The Miller Chart
combines enlightenment empiricism with religion in his deist position
85
Dr. Livingstone’s Map of Africa
map of africa as being marked with all of the colours of the rainbow - shows his last journey and the lakes he discovered as well as rivers - the first western map of the interior of africa
86
“Indian Territory” Map
base map produced by henry schenk tanner 19th century American cartographer - shows how indigenous peoples controlled the very fertile plains of the US - coloured zones show lands already in treaties as well as the indian territory - used by congree as part of legislative acts removing aboriginal peoples
87
Cotton Boom
60% o us exports were cotton - map shows this
88
Sherman’s March to the Sea
he marches 60,000 sodiers away frm atlanta to savannah Georgia - destroyed southern property, freed slaves as they marches to sea
89
Slave Population of the Southern States

maps & society (2 decks)

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