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Patho/Pharm Module 5/6 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate
MOA

A

Dissociates to provide ion to neutralize ion concentration which raised blood and urinary pH.
Also increases concentration of Na in plasma

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2
Q

Sodium bicarbonate
Indications

A

Metabolic acidosis
Hyponatremia

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3
Q

Sodium bicarbonate
Side effects

A

Edema, cerebral hemorrhage, electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic alkalosis, flatulence, tetany, pulmonary edema, heart failure exacerbation

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4
Q

Sodium bicarbonate
Nursing considerations

A

PO ONLY!
Monitor cardiac ABGs and electrolytes
Give 1-3 hours before or after meals
Lots of drug interactions if given with anything that includes Na

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5
Q

Potassium chloride (KCl)
MOA

A

Adds K and Cl

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6
Q

Potassium chloride (KCl)
Indications

A

Treat/prevent K depletions when dietary measures fail

Hypokalemia

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7
Q

Potassium chloride (KCl)
Side effects

A

Renal failure
May cause phlebitis, N/V, GI ulcers, bleeding

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8
Q

Potassium chloride (KCl)
Nursing Considerations

A

Pt must have urine output!!!Never give IV Push!!!!!!
IV must be given slowly!!! 10-20 mEq/hr
PO must be diluted to lower GI distress, tastes awful, very large pills

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9
Q

Think Potassium (K) think

A

Heart

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10
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
MOA

A

Binds to K in digestive tract replacing K ions for Na ions. Potential to drop K by 0.5-1.0 mEq/L in 4-6 hrs

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11
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Indications

A

Hyperkalemia

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12
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Side effects

A

Constipation, N/V/D, hypokalemia
Serious- intestinal obstruction or necrosis

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13
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Nursing Considerations

A

Pt must have normal bowel functions
Pt will poop a lot!!!

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14
Q

D50/insulin
MOA

A

Shifts K into the cells temporarily

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15
Q

D50/insulin
Indications

A

Hyperkalemia

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16
Q

D50/insulin
Side effects

A

Hypokalemia

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17
Q

D50/insulin
Nursing considerations

A

For emergencies!!!!!
Check glucose levels before and after administering
Called a Lytic cocktail

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18
Q

Magnesium sulfate & magnesium oxide
MOA

A

Replaces magnesium

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19
Q

Magnesium sulfate & magnesium oxide
Indications

A

Hypomagnesemia
Prevent/treat seizures I. Pre-eclampsia, treat cardiac rhythm disturbances
Constipation

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20
Q

Magnesium sulfate & magnesium oxide
Side effects

A

Hypermagnesemia
Presents as confusion, sluggish, slow movements, SOA, nausea, dizzy (from low calcium) and abnormal heart rhythm

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21
Q

Magnesium sulfate & magnesium oxide
Nursing considerations

A

Can burn when given by IV
Mag Oxide (antacid) can be give for long term low mag

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22
Q

Think Magnesium think

A

Muscle and movement

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23
Q

Think sodium (Na) think

A

Brain

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24
Q

Calcium (Ca)
MOA

A

Replaces calcium

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25
Calcium (Ca) Indications
Hypocalcemia
26
Calcium (Ca) Side effects
Hypercalcemia Acts like a sedative, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, weakness, leading to seizures and coma, can also cause kidneys stones
27
Calcium (Ca) Nursing considerations
IV - given thru central line Oral - elemental, calcium carbonate (tums), may also need vitamin D
28
Phosphate MOA
Replaces phosphate
29
Phosphate Indications
Hypophosphatemia
30
Phosphate Side effects
Increased risk of calcifications Take care with CVD or Hypercalcemia
31
Phosphate Nursing considerations
IV/Oral - given over a long time Increase oral intake
32
Calcium & phosphate are linked oppositely
Low calcium = high phosphate High calcium = low phosphate
33
nystatin (Mycostatin) Class
Polyene
34
nystatin (Mycostatin) Indication
Treatment of superficial candida infections of mouth (thrush), oral mucosa, vagina & skin
35
nystatin (Mycostatin) Side effects
Toxic if given parental Mild skin irritation, N/V/D when given orally w poor GI absorption
36
nystatin (Mycostatin) Nursing considerations
Many forms - creams, powder, topical, vaginal, liquid (swish & spit or swish & swallow)
37
amphotericin B Class
Polyene
38
amphotericin B MOA
Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes & cause then to become leaky & destroys cell wall of the fungus
39
amphotericin B Indications
Agent of choice for most systemic mycoses
40
amphotericin B Side effects
Hard on Kidneys
41
amphotericin B Nursing considerations
Route: PO or parental (usually IV) MUST be diluted & infused slowly Monitor BUN & creatine Pt must be on cardiac monitor Given every other day for several months (7 weeks to leave body) Pretreat w diphenhydramine, acetaminophen or aspirin to decrease infusion symptoms : fever, pain, nausea & headache
42
flucytosine (Ancobon) Class
Pyrimidine
43
flucytosine (Ancobon) MOA
Inhibits fungal DNA synthesis
44
flucytosine (Ancobon) Indication
Allows for a lower dose of amphotericin B to be used
45
flucytosine (Ancobon) Nursing considerations
Helps decrease the side effects related to amphotericin B. Rarely given alone
46
fluconazole (Diflucan) Class
Azole
47
fluconazole (Diflucan) MOA
Interrupts the integrity of the cell wall by interfering w the synthesis of ergosterol
48
fluconazole (Diflucan) Indications
Used for both superficial and less serious systemic fungal infections
49
fluconazole (Diflucan) Side effects
Topical - redness, burning, itching Systemic- severe GI upset N/V/D, liver toxicity
50
fluconazole (Diflucan) Nursing Considerations
Monitor AST & ALT for liver function Take with food Wait 2 hrs before or after admin to give antacids. Needs acidic environment to absorb
51
grisefulvicin (Fulvicin) MOA
Inhibits fungal mitosis by binding to keratin. Has no effect on cell wall
52
grisefulvicin (Fulvicin) Indications
Resistant dermatophyte infection of scalp, ski. & nails
53
grisefulvicin (Fulvicin) Side effects
Bone marrow suppression, rash, CNS changes, N/V/D, anorexia
54
grisefulvicin (Fulvicin) Nursing consideration
Inexpensive older drug
55
filgrastim (Neupogen) Class
Hematopoietic agent
56
filgrastim (Neupogen) MOA
Promotes proliferation, differentiation, activation of cells that make granulocytes
57
filgrastim (Neupogen) Indications
Malignancies, chemo induced leukopenia, bone marrow transplant, harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells, chronic neutropenia
58
filgrastim (Neupogen) Side effects
Bone pain Leukocytosis
59
filgrastim (Neupogen) Nursing considerations
IV or subq (most frequent) Drug is made with recombinant DNA tech
60
pegfgrastim (Neulasta) Class
Hematopoietic agent
61
pegfgrastim (Neulasta) MOA
Increased production of neutrophils
62
pegfgrastim (Neulasta) Indications
Malignancies, chemo induced leukopenia, bone marrow transplant, harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells, chronic neutropenia
63
pegfgrastim (Neulasta) Side effects
Bone pain
64
pegfgrastim (Neulasta) Nursing considerations
Subq Pegylated = delayed excretion by kidneys Long acting version of filgrastim

Patho/Pharm Module 5/6 (4 decks)

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